{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:06:07Z","timestamp":1788825967676,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been traditionally linked to one another. Recent studies suggest that NAFLD may be increasingly common in other types of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and less frequently ketone-prone and Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) diabetes. In this review, we address the relationship between hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and the onset and progression of NAFLD. In addition, despite the high rate of patients with T2DM and other diabetes phenotypes that can alter liver metabolism and consequently develop steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, NALFD screening is not still implemented in the daily care routine. Incorporating a clinical algorithm created around a simple, non-invasive, cost-effective model would identify high-risk patients. The principle behind managing these patients is to improve insulin resistance and hyperglycemia states with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and new drug therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1654827933000},"page":"3286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["When Sugar Reaches the Liver: Phenotypes of Patients with Diabetes and NAFLD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Rojano-Toimil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Rivera-Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department Bellaterra, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7444-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Manzano-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ba\u00f1ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Martinez Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Network of Biomedical Research Centers, Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Disorders (CIBERdem), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Gabriel-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3645-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan M","family":"Peric\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Liver Unit, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Network of Biomedical Research Centers, Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28801 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-0203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Ciudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department Bellaterra, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Network of Biomedical Research Centers, Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Disorders (CIBERdem), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective Study of Outcomes in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. 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