{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:52:27Z","timestamp":1775137947946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One promising research trend involves evaluating the influence of microbiota in the reproductive system of women on becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The goal of this study was to define the microflora profile of the endometrium and uterine cervix in women qualified for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, which is expected to contribute to increasing the percentage of successful IVF implantations. Based on the conducted molecular analysis in the collected swabs, 22 bacterial strains were identified. Eleven strains (57%) that were isolated belong to the physiological microflora, the most common strain of which was Lactobacillus. Eight of the isolated strains (33%) were pathological microflora, among which the most common bacteria were from the Enterobacteriaceae family (which includes E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella). Finally, three of the bacterial strains (10%) may be a component of both physiological or pathological microflora of the vagina: Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum group, and Alloscardovia omnicolens. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in six women, Staphylococcus aureus also in six patients, Atopobium parvulum in three, Streptococcus salivarius group in three, Enterococcus faecalis in four, and Aerococcus christensenii in two patients. We found statistically significant relationships (p &lt; 0.05) between Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Escherichia coli groups, Lactobacillus FN667084_s and Staphylococcus aureus groups, as well as Lactobacillus fermentum and Streptococcus agalactiae. Based on the conducted study, it may be confirmed that the endometrium is, to a large extent, colonized by lactic acid bacilli. Apart from that, endometrial dysbiosis was not noted in patients qualified for the IVF procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T10:25:12Z","timestamp":1654856712000},"page":"3348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Marking the Profile of the Microflora of the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix in Women as a Potential Factor Determining the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bednarska-Czerwi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"American Medical Clinic, 40-600 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Czerwi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"American Medical Clinic, 40-600 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8360-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Morawiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"\u0141ach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ziaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Kusaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Str\u0105czy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Sagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center Dormed Medical SPA, 28-105 Busko-Zdroj, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Boro\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beniamin Oskar","family":"Grabarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Przyjemska, A. 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