{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:31:06Z","timestamp":1788690666556,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most frequent autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease. At present, the main treatment options are represented by corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs. Steroids often need to be administered in high doses, with subsequent adverse events and safety issues, as BP mainly affects elderly people. As dupilumab, a recombinant fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody with binding specificity to human interleukin-4 receptor IL-4R\u03b1 has become paramount in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, its use in autoimmune bullous diseases has been theorized and it has been used to treat patients with BP. Dupilumab seems to be an effective and safe option to treat recalcitrant BP. Here, we report the results of a literature review on the use of dupilumab in BP, including a total of 30 treated patients in 9 papers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T09:26:48Z","timestamp":1655026008000},"page":"3367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Use of Dupilumab in Bullous Pemphigoid: Where Are We Now?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1704-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Capurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: Italian guidelines adapted from the EDF\/EADV guidelines","volume":"153","author":"Cozzani","year":"2018","journal-title":"G. 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Online J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5070\/D3274053155","article-title":"Successful treatment of bullous pemphigoid with dupilumab: A case and brief review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.089","article-title":"Dupilumab as a novel therapy for bullous pemphigoid: A multicenter case series","volume":"83","author":"Abdat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5070\/D327955136","article-title":"Dupilumab for the treatment of nivolumab-induced bullous pemphigoid: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Klepper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738907","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.738907","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Moderate-to-Severe Bullous Pemphigoid","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2021.4190","article-title":"Dupilumab, an emerging therapeutic choice for recalcitrant subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases: A case series of three patients","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15330","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15330","article-title":"A successful case of vesicular pemphigoid concurrent with pulmonary tuberculosis with dupilumab","volume":"35","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611549","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.611549","article-title":"Case Report: Combination of Omalizumab and Dupilumab for Recalcitrant Bullous Pemphigoid","volume":"11","author":"Feldmeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takamura, S., and Teraki, Y. (2022). Treatment of bullous pemphigoid with dupilumab: Dupilumab exerts its effect by primarily suppressing T-helper 2 cytokines. J. Dermatol., preprint.","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16428"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2018.3366","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"28","author":"Cozzani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.03.014","article-title":"Increased expression of Th2-associated chemokines in bullous pemphigoid disease. Role of eosinophils in the production and release of these chemokines","volume":"120","author":"Wellemans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/12\/3367\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:28:24Z","timestamp":1760138904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/12\/3367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11123367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11123367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]}}}