{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:05:38Z","timestamp":1790082338269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002380","name":"Hanyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HY-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, the relationship between air pollutants and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been well established. Our aim is to investigate the association between ambient air pollutants and the incidence of VTE using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) database. From 2003 to 2015, 338,616 subjects from the general population not previously diagnosed with VTE were included. The long-term average concentration of air pollutants before diagnosis for each subject was calculated. During the study period, there were 3196 incident cases of VTE. After adjusting for age, gender, economic status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbid diseases, and meteorological variables, the risk of VTE was observed to increase significantly with the long-term average concentration of particulate matter &lt; 10 \u03bcm in diameter: PM10 (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.064 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053\u20131.074) for 1 \u03bcg\/m3), SO2 (HR = 1.118 (95% CI 1.079\u20131.158) 1 ppb), and O3 (HR = 1.039 (95% CI 1.026\u20131.053) for 1 ppb), respectively. A difference between the date of the health screening and the date of diagnosis of the disease was observed. Long-term exposure to air pollutants including PM10, SO2, and O3 may be an independent risk factor for the development of VTE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1655633692000},"page":"3517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in the General Population: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Gyo","family":"Gwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kye-Yeung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Uk","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Min","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea"},{"name":"Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","article-title":"Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04081.x","article-title":"Short-term exposure to particulate matter induces arterial but not venous thrombosis in healthy mice","volume":"8","author":"Emmerechts","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.9.920","article-title":"Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis","volume":"168","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12873","article-title":"Effects of airborne fine particles (PM2.5) on deep vein thrombosis admissions in the northeastern United States","volume":"13","author":"Kloog","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32794","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32794","article-title":"Air pollution and venous thrombosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-07-0566","article-title":"RE-COVERY DVT\/PE: Rationale and design of a prospective observational study of acute venous thromboembolism with a focus on dabigatran etexilate","volume":"117","author":"Ageno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2013). Health Effects of Particulate Matter: Policy Implications for Countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016). Ambient Air Pollution: A Global Assessment of Exposure and Burden of Disease, World Health Organization.","DOI":"10.17159\/2410-972X\/2016\/v26n2a4"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-017-0237-x","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and thrombosis","volume":"15","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"World Health Orgarnization (2022, April 18). WHO Air Quality Database. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/who-air-quality-database-2022."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00834-2","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of venous thromboembolism in a large administrative cohort","volume":"21","author":"Renzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.03.008","article-title":"Short-term exposure to PM(2.5) and risk of venous thromboembolism: A case-crossover study","volume":"190","author":"Renzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000128587.30041.C8","article-title":"Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association","volume":"109","author":"Brook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6395","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis related to environment (Review)","volume":"15","author":"Signorelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.014951","article-title":"The procoagulant potential of environmental particles (PM10)","volume":"62","author":"Gilmour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.12.818","article-title":"Daily concentrations of air pollution and plasma fibrinogen in London","volume":"57","author":"Pekkanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02300.x","article-title":"Effects of exposure to air pollution on blood coagulation","volume":"5","author":"Baccarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"295","article-title":"Interrelationship between venous and arterial thrombosis","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Angiol. A J. Int. Union Angiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01660.x","article-title":"Classification of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Role of acute inflammatory stress in venous thromboembolism","volume":"3","author":"Conde","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30639","article-title":"Ambient particulate matter accelerates coagulation via an IL-6-dependent pathway","volume":"117","author":"Mutlu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/12\/3517\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:34:56Z","timestamp":1760139296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/12\/3517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11123517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11123517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]}}}