{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:51:11Z","timestamp":1793307071156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018736","name":"KAKEN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K20292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K20292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective, observational study examined changes in dry eye status after steroid pulse and orbital radiation therapies in 16 patients (32 eyes) with active thyroid eye disease (TED). TED status was evaluated through clinical activity score (CAS), margin reflex distance (MRD)-1 and 2, presence or absence of Graefe\u2019s sign\/lid lag, and Hertel exophthalmometric value. Dry eye status was quantified through presence or absence of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, corneal fluorescein staining (AD score), tear break-up time, Schirmer test I results, tear meniscus height, and dry eye-related quality of life score. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) was evaluated through Marx line score, eyelid abnormalities (MGD score), meibum expression score, and meibomian gland loss score. Those items were measured before and 6 months after treatment, and the results were statistically compared. Consequently, CAS significantly improved, and MRD-1 significantly decreased after treatment (p &lt; 0.050). Although a part of MGD status improved (p &lt; 0.050), all items regarding dry eye status did not change significantly after treatment (p &gt; 0.050). Steroid pulse and orbital radiation therapies did not largely alter most items regarding dry eye and MGD status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T21:31:06Z","timestamp":1655933466000},"page":"3604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Changes in Dry Eye Status after Steroid Pulse and Orbital Radiation Therapies in Active Thyroid Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1363-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital & Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aric","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital & Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital & Lacrimal Surgery, Kirtipur Eye Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Kakizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital & Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"The relationship between Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy and dry eye syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Selter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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