{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:14:36Z","timestamp":1788383676098,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis has become increasingly associated with COVID-19, leading to the use of the term \u201cCOVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM)\u201d. Treatment of CAM is challenging due to factors such as resistance to many antifungals and underlying co-morbidities. India is particularly at risk for this disease due to the large number of patients with COVID-19 carrying comorbidities that predispose them to the development of mucormycosis. Additionally, mucormycosis treatment is complicated due to the atypical symptoms and delayed presentation after the resolution of COVID-19. Since this disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, early identification and diagnosis are desirable to initiate a suitable combination of therapies and control the disease. At present, the first-line treatment involves Amphotericin B and surgical debridement. To overcome limitations associated with surgery (invasive, multiple procedures required) and amphotericin B (toxicity, extended duration and limited clinical success), additional therapies can be utilized as adjuncts or alternatives to reduce treatment duration and improve prognosis. This review discusses the challenges associated with treating CAM and the critical aspects for controlling this invasive fungal infection\u2014early diagnosis and initiation of therapy, reversal of risk factors, and adoption of a multipronged treatment strategy. It also details the various therapeutic options (in vitro, in vivo and human case reports) that have been used for the treatment of CAM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1656019500000},"page":"3620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Current Treatment Options for COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: Present Status and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasasve","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadambari Vijay","family":"Sai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0702-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aashabharathi","family":"Manimaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Chennai 600123, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthigadevi","family":"Guruviah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Autonomous\u2013Affiliated to Anna University), Sriperumbur 602117, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yugal Kishore","family":"Mohanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divyambika Catakapatri","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tapan Kumar","family":"Mohanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanaocha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saravanan","family":"Muthupandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMR and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13338","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: An Updated Systematic Review of Literature","volume":"64","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Zygomycosis: A Review of 929 Reported Cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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