{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T02:04:05Z","timestamp":1783821845694,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: About 5% of endometrial cancers (ECs) are attributed to an inherited predisposition, for which Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for the majority of cases. Women with LS have a 40\u201360% predicted lifetime risk of developing EC, in addition to a 40\u201380% lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer and other cancers. In this population, the lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer (OC) is 10\u201312%. Object: to compare the histopathological features of LS-associated EC and OC with sporadic cancers in order to evaluate whether there are differences in terms of age at diagnosis, site of occurrence in the uterus, histological type, stage at diagnosis, and tumor grading. Materials and methods: we compared data obtained from 96 patients with LS-associated gynecological cancers (82 with EC and 14 with OC) to a control group (CG) of 209 patients who developed sporadic EC, and a CG of 187 patients with sporadic OC. Results: The mean age at diagnosis of LS-associated EC and OC was much lower than in the control groups. In both groups with EC, the endometrioid histotype was the most frequently occurring histotype. However, among LS women there was a significantly higher incidence of clear cell tumors (11% versus 2.4% in the CG, p = 0.0001). Similar to the sporadic cancer cases, most of the LS-associated ECs presented at an early stage (89% of cases at FIGO I-II stage). In the LS group, the tumor frequently involved only the inner half of the endometrium (77% of cases, p &lt; 0.01). In the LS group, 7.3% of ECs were localized to the lower uterine segment (LUS), whereas no cancer developed in the LUS in the CG. No serous OCs were diagnosed in the LS group (versus 45.5% in the CG, p = 0.0009). Most of the LS-associated OCs presented at an early stage (85% of cases at FIGO I-II stages, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: LS-associated EC and OC seem to have peculiar features, occurring at a younger age and at an earlier stage. In LS, EC less frequently involves the outer half of the endometrium, with a more frequent occurrence in the LUS. The presence of clear cell EC was more frequently observed, whereas in OC, the predominant histotype was endometrioid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1656369074000},"page":"3689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gynecological Cancers in Lynch Syndrome: A Comparison of the Histological Features with Sporadic Cases of the General Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Valentina Elisabetta","family":"Bounous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology\u2014A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology\u2014A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Perotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, 12060 Verduno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4373-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Pasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Tomasi Cont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL TO 3, 10093 Collegno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Fondazione IRCCs\u2014National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Ditto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCs\u2014National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8134-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Vitellaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Fondazione IRCCs\u2014National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Raspagliesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione IRCCs\u2014National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Biglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology\u2014A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805213382101","article-title":"Incidence of hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer and the feasibility of molecular screening for the disease","volume":"338","author":"Aaltonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990412)81:2<214::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Cancer risk in mutation carriers of DNA-mismatch-repair genes","volume":"81","author":"Aarnio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. 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