{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1778314649655,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Grant, Pusan National University Hospital","award":["2020013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The etiology of small for gestational age (SGA) is multifactorial and includes maternal\/uterine-placental factors, fetal epigenetics, and genetic abnormalities. We evaluated the genetic causes and diagnostic effectiveness of targeted-panel sequencing (TES) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) in SGA infants without a known cause. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on newborn infants born with a birth weight of less than the 10th percentile for gestational age between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Pusan National University Hospital. We excluded infants with known causes of SGA, including maternal causes or major congenital anomalies or infections. SGA infants without a known etiology underwent genetic evaluation, including karyotyping, chromosomal microarray (CMA), and TES\/WES. Results: During the study period, 82 SGA infants were born at our hospital. Among them, 61 patients were excluded. A total of 21 patients underwent karyotyping and chromosomal CMA, and aberrations were detected in two patients, including one chromosomal anomaly and one copy number variation. Nineteen patients with normal karyotype and CMA findings underwent TES or WES, which identified three pathogenic or likely pathogenic single-gene mutations, namely LHX3, TLK2, and MED13L. Conclusions: In SGA infants without known risk factors, the prevalence of genetic causes was 22% (5\/21). The diagnostic yield of TES or WES in SGA infants with normal karyotype and CMA was 15.7% (3\/19). TES or WES was quite helpful in identifying the etiology in SGA infants without a known cause.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T22:31:14Z","timestamp":1656369074000},"page":"3710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genetic Aspects of Small for Gestational Age Infants Using Targeted-Exome Sequencing and Whole-Exome Sequencing: A Single Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hee","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mun-Hui","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yun","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2017","article-title":"Management of the child born small for gestational age through to adulthood: A consensus statement of the international societies of pedatric endocrinology and the growth hormone research society","volume":"92","author":"Clayton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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