{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1787315369696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Contracepci\u00f3n (SEC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The National Contraception Survey conducted by Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Contracepci\u00f3n intends to know the sexual and contraceptive habits of Spanish women of reproductive age. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with random sample selection was conducted with women aged from 14 to 49 years old in July and August 2020. Results: A total of 1801 women participated in the study, of which 78.7% used some contraception method during their sexual relationships. The most frequently used methods were condoms (31.3%) and combined oral contraceptives (18.5%) at their last sexual encounter. A total of 25.7% used both condoms and pills, especially younger women and those who had no steady partners (p &lt; 0.001). Use of Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives continues to be low, although a slight increase in their use is observed, and they are recommended for 50% of the users who need contraception. Counselling on contraception was provided to 64.3% of the women, mainly by their gynaecologists. Regarding the decision to use a contraceptive method, the one suggested by health professionals was more influential, although this was not the case for women aged less than 20 years old (p &lt; 0.001). A total of 38.4% of the women have used emergency oral contraception at least once and 66.8% of those who do not make continuous use of contraception methods do so out of personal choice. Conclusions: It is necessary to deepen work on counselling and awareness among the population towards the use of efficient contraceptive methods that prevent unplanned pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:43:28Z","timestamp":1656542608000},"page":"3777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Results of the National Contraception Survey Conducted by Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Contracepci\u00f3n (2020)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Leon-Larios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez Ales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Puente Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Correa Rancel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia-Ginecolog\u00eda, Pediatr\u00eda, Preventiva, Medicina Legal y Forense, Microbiolog\u00eda, Parasitolog\u00eda, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Lahoz Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Silva Reus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de Villena, 03400 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Cruz","family":"Qu\u00edlez Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Basurto, 48013 Bilbo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young, H., Burke, L., and Nic Gabhainn, S. (2018). Sexual intercourse, age of initiation and contraception among adolescents in Ireland: Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Ireland study. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5217-z"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2014.04.008","article-title":"Contraception des femmes fran\u00e7aises de 15 \u00e0 45ans: Enqu\u00eate nationale sur un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif de 5963 femmes [Contraception\u2019s choice: Women\u2019s opinion, satisfaction and profile. Results of a French national survey of a representative sample of 5963 women]","volume":"42","author":"Jost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2019-200474","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence and profile of users of contraception in Britain 2000\u20132010: Evidence from two National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles","volume":"46","author":"French","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2018.1559286","article-title":"Prevention of unintended pregnancies by using emergency contraception: The differences between levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate. A theoretical model using data from a survey on the use of emergency contraception in Spain, 2017","volume":"35","author":"Lete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"European Parliamentary Forum on Population & Development (EPF) (2022, April 14). CONTRACEPTION ATLAS. Available online: https:\/\/www.epfweb.org\/european-contraception-atlas."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnet, C., Blondel, B., and Moreau, C. (2021). A rise in births following contraceptive failure in France between 2010 and 2016: Results from the French national perinatal surveys. BMC Womens Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01255-y"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopp Kallner, H., Thunell, L., Brynhildsen, J., Lindeberg, M., and Gemzell Danielsson, K. (2015). Use of Contraception and Attitudes towards Contraceptive Use in Swedish Women\u2014A Nationwide Survey. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125990"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301416","article-title":"Shifts in intended and unintended pregnancies in the United States, 2001\u20132008","volume":"104","author":"Finer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.11.004","article-title":"Estimates of unintended pregnancy rates over the last decade in France as a function of contraceptive behaviors","volume":"89","author":"Moreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62204-1","article-title":"National, regional, and global rates and trends in contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning between 1990 and 2015: A systematic and comprehensive analysis","volume":"381","author":"Alkema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-00931-w","article-title":"Socio-demographic and economic inequalities in modern contraception in 11 low- and middle-income countries: An analysis of the PMA2020 surveys","volume":"17","author":"Blumenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.11.025","article-title":"Contraceptive practices and trends in Spain: 1997\u20132003","volume":"135","author":"Lete","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podolskyi, V., Gemzell-Danielsson, K., and Marions, L. (2018). Contraceptive experience and perception, a survey among Ukrainian women. BMC Womens Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0651-8"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6609","article-title":"Changes in the Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods Among U.S. Nulliparous Women: Results from the 2006\u20132010, 2011\u20132013, and 2013\u20132015 National Survey of Family Growth","volume":"27","author":"Ihongbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.09.007","article-title":"Familiarity with Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives among Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family Medicine, and Pediatrics Residents: Results of a 2015 National Survey and Implications for Contraceptive Provision for Adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M., Folz, R., and Farron, M. (2019). Expanding choice and access in contraception: An assessment of intrauterine contraception policies in low and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8080-7"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2020.12.008","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences persist in use of permanent vs long-acting reversible contraception: An analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006 to 2010 vs 2015 to 2017","volume":"103","author":"Beshar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.03.017","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in contraceptive use among women who desire no future children, 2006\u20132010 National Survey of Family Growth","volume":"92","author":"Grady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diez, E., Lopez, M.J., Perez, G., Garcia-Subirats, I., Nebot, L., Carreras, R., and Villalbi, J.R. (2020). Impact of a community contraceptive counselling intervention on adolescent fertility rates: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8122-1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.08.015","article-title":"Withdrawal as pregnancy prevention and associated risk factors among US high school students: Findings from the 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey","volume":"93","author":"Liddon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.11.025","article-title":"Associations Between Sex Education and Contraceptive Use Among Heterosexually Active, Adolescent Males in the United States","volume":"60","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.10.005","article-title":"Counseling and provision of long-acting reversible contraception in the US: National survey of nurse practitioners","volume":"57","author":"Harper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5219","article-title":"Characteristics of Females Who Use Contraception at Coitarche: An Analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth 2006\u20132010 Database","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15\u201349: United States, 2017\u20132019","volume":"388","author":"Daniels","year":"2020","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2015.1028617","article-title":"Direct costs of unintended pregnancy in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Lete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.36469\/9785","article-title":"Economic Burden of Contraception Management in Spain","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Health Econ. Outcomes Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e20803","article-title":"Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use Among Sexually Active U.S. Middle and High School Students, 2015 to 2019","volume":"13","author":"Chuy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310","article-title":"Adolescent Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy in Britain and the U.S.: A Multidecade Comparison","volume":"66","author":"Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx046","article-title":"Effects of a counselling intervention to improve contraception in deprived neighbourhoods: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Diez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180500282379","article-title":"Contraceptive use patterns among Spanish single youth","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2013.775239","article-title":"Trends in contraception use in Spanish adolescents and young adults (15 to 24 years) between 2002 and 2008","volume":"18","author":"Lete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12578","article-title":"Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and Long-Acting Reversible Contraception","volume":"62","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.02.005","article-title":"Differences in contraceptive use between family planning providers and the U.S. population: Results of a nationwide survey","volume":"91","author":"Stern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2021-201265","article-title":"Long-acting reversible contraception and satisfaction with structured contraceptive counselling among non-migrant, foreign-born migrant and second-generation migrant women: Evidence from a cluster randomised controlled trial (the LOWE trial) in Sweden","volume":"48","author":"Larsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2016.1237630","article-title":"Emergency contraception: A survey of 1773 women","volume":"21","author":"Bastianelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2018.1533547","article-title":"Emergency contraception and risk habits in a university population","volume":"23","author":"Esteva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leon-Larios, F., Ruiz-Ferron, C., Jalon-Neira, R.M., and Praena-Fern\u00e1ndez, J.M. (2022). Nursing Students\u2019 Knowledge, Awareness, and Experiences of Emergency Contraception Pills\u2019 Use. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020418"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180902741436","article-title":"Profile of long-acting reversible contraception users in Europe","volume":"14","author":"Haimovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000811","article-title":"Long-acting reversible contraceptives for adolescent females: A review of current best practices","volume":"31","author":"Sherin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, Contraceptive Equity Expert Work Group, and Committee on Ethics (2022). Patient-Centered Contraceptive Counseling: ACOG Committee Statement Number 1. Obstet. Gynecol., 139, 350\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004659"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S884.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.11.1266","article-title":"Familiarity and acceptability of long-acting reversible contraception and contraceptive choice","volume":"222","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.09.003","article-title":"The Affordable Care Act contraception mandate & unintended pregnancy in women of reproductive age: An analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2008\u20132010 vs. 2013\u20132015","volume":"101","author":"Margerison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.07.001","article-title":"Intrauterine Device Insertion and Removal","volume":"48","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2015-101184","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of women\u2019s explanations for changing contraception: The importance of non-contraceptive effects","volume":"42","author":"Wigginton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Plan. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2019.1639659","article-title":"Concerns on future fertility among users and past-users of combined oral contraceptives: A questionnaire survey","volume":"24","author":"Landersoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/13\/3777\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:40:35Z","timestamp":1760139635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/13\/3777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11133777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11133777","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]}}}