{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:12:57Z","timestamp":1762056777502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from bloodstream infections in hospitals in southern Poland. Materials and Methods: The present study includes laboratory-confirmed secondary bloodstream infections (LC-BSIs), in the years 2015\u20132018, in hospitalized adult patients (\u226518). Episodes of BSIs were defined according to the strictly described guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the automated system and the disc diffusion method. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected using the double-disc synergy test. Results: Between 2015 and 2018, 356 episodes of secondary BSIs in 997 patients aged 21\u201396 years were documented in a prospective study, including 134 (37.6%) ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen in internal medicine (37.6%) and surgery units (46.8%); in intensive care units (ICUs), Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated more frequently (33.3%). Enterobacteriaceae were highly resistant to most antimicrobial agents. K. pneumoniae isolates had a higher level of resistance than E. coli, regardless of the unit. Conclusions: The increase in AMR and the widespread distribution of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Polish hospitals can be related to the lack of or inappropriate antibiotic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T05:41:06Z","timestamp":1657086066000},"page":"3927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients in Southern Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"K\u0142os","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estera","family":"Jachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Pomorska-Weso\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory (KORLAB), 41-700 Ruda \u015al\u0105ska, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Romaniszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kandzierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0756-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jadwiga","family":"W\u00f3jkowska-Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. 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