{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:10:36Z","timestamp":1767337836447,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"]}]},{"name":"European Union with the European Fund of Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01370","P19\/01194"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>B-cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling is critical for B-cell homeostasis, effector functions, and tolerance maintenance in transplants, but it has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim was to analyze the changes in BAFF system expression in KTRs with\/without acute rejection (AR\/NAR). The BAFF system expression was analyzed by qPCR in 40 KTRs. A meta-analysis of BAFF system expression and histological renal damage was identified by the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI) and performed from the GEO database. Proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression increased at three- and six-months post-KT (p = 0.014 and p &lt; 0.001). B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression increased at six-months post-KT (p = 0.038). BAFF expression remained stable in NAR-KTRs, but was increased in CADI concerning the No-CADI group at one year (p = 0.008). BCMA expression increased in the CADI group at one- (p = 0.001) and six-years post-KT (p = 0.024). At three months, the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator interactor (TACI) gene significantly elevated KTRs with DSAs (donor-specific antibody; p = 0.034). KTRs with DSAs significantly increase the B-cell activating factor receptor (R-BAFF; p = 0.021) and TACI (p = 0.018) between pre- and three-month post-KT. Changes in the expression of the BAFF system increase during post-KTR in the development of AR and chronic allograft damage, and could be an important pathological tool to detect and prevent kidney graft outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T07:51:56Z","timestamp":1657180316000},"page":"3956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating the Link between BAFF System Gene Expression and Acute Rejection Development in Kidney Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4933-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Jimenez-Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helios","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Banaclocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gali\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Botella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Moya-Quiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Muro-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"de la Pe\u00f1a-Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Minguela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Legaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2013.856006","article-title":"B cells participate in tolerance and autoimmunity through cytokine production","volume":"47","author":"Luu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/82717","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of polarized cytokine production by effector B and T cells","volume":"1","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. 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