{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:12:06Z","timestamp":1777471926770,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To investigate post-acute laryngeal injuries and dysfunctions (PLID) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: Three independent investigators performed a systematic review of the literature studying PLID in patients with a history of COVID-19. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. Epidemiological, clinical, hospitalization features, laryngeal diseases, and voice outcomes were extracted from the included papers. Results: Eight papers met our inclusion criteria (393 patients) corresponding to five uncontrolled prospective and three retrospective studies. The most prevalent PLID were vocal fold dysmotility (65%), vocal fold edema (35%), muscle tension dysphonia (21%), and laryngopharyngeal reflux (24%). Posterior glottic stenosis (12%), granuloma (14%), and posterior glottic diastasis (12%) were the most common injuries. Most patients with PLID were obese and had a history of intensive care unit hospitalization, and orotracheal intubation. The delay between the discharge and the laryngology office consultation ranged from 51 to 122 days. The mean duration of intubation ranged from 10 to 34 days. Seventy-eight (49%) intubated patients were in the prone position. The proportion of patients requiring surgical treatment ranged from 39% to 70% (mean = 48%). There was an important heterogeneity between studies about inclusion, exclusion criteria, and outcomes. Conclusions: COVID-19 appeared to be associated with PLID, especially in patients with a history of intubation. However, future controlled studies are needed to evaluate if intubated COVID-19 patients reported more frequently PLID than patients who were intubated for other conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1657493280000},"page":"3989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Postacute Laryngeal Injuries and Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 92150 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7000 Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre (CHU de Bruxelles), 1000 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), 92150 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Official Website (2022, May 01). Report of 1 May 2022. Available online: https:\/\/covid19.who.int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2980","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2980","article-title":"Drug treatments for COVID-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"370","author":"Siemieniuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, E., Parikh, A., Lopez-Ruiz, A., Carrilo, M., Goldberg, J., Cearras, M., Fernainy, K., Andersen, S., Mercado, L., and Guan, J. (2021). ICU outcomes and survival in patients with severe COVID-19 in the largest health care system in central Florida. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249038"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004500","article-title":"COVID-19 in critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region\u2014Case Series","volume":"382","author":"Bhatraju","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2020-0070","article-title":"COVID-19: A review on SARS-CoV-2 origin, epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations and complications with special emphasis on adverse outcome in Bhopal Gas Tragedy survivor","volume":"42","author":"Malviya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26368","article-title":"Postdischarge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation","volume":"93","author":"Halpin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.484","article-title":"Laryngeal complications of COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Naunheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121001134","article-title":"Subglottic and tracheal stenosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"135","author":"Scholfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandblom, H., Dotevall, H., Svennerholm, K., Tuomi, L., and Finizia, C. (2021). Characterization of dysphagia and laryngeal findings in COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU-An observational clinical study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252347"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473974X211041040","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X211041040","article-title":"Postacute COVID-19 Laryngeal Injury and Dysfunction","volume":"5","author":"Neevel","year":"2021","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29862","article-title":"Incidence of Laryngotracheal Lesions after Orotracheal Intubation in Coronavirus Disease Patients","volume":"132","author":"Tavares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Thompson, M., Tiwari, A., Fu, R., Moe, E., and Buckley, D.I. (2020, February 22). A Framework to Facilitate the Use of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in the Design of Primary Research Studies, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK83621\/."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies: The PRISMA-DTA Statement","volume":"319","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.526838","article-title":"Overview of the epidemiology methods and applications: Strengths and limitations of observational study designs","volume":"50","author":"Colditz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Viswanathan, M., Berkman, N.D., Dryden, D.M., and Hartling, L. (2019, October 20). Assessing Risk of Bias and Confounding in Observational Studies of Interventions or Exposures: Further Development of the RTI Item Bank, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK154461\/."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzam, A.A.A., Samy, A., Sefein, I., and ElRouby, I. (2021). Vocal Disorders in patients with COVID 19 in Egypt. Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02663-0"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.763","article-title":"Long-term upper aerodigestive sequelae as a result of infection with COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Rapoport","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hans, S., Circiu, M.P., Crevier-Buchman, L., Annane, D., Heming, N., and Lechien, J.R. (2022). Post-intubation laryngeal disorders in COVID-19 patients: A prospective study. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., submitted.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.167156295.54994822\/v1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2428","article-title":"Loss of smell and taste in 2013 European Patients with mild to moderate COVID-19","volume":"173","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mat, Q., No\u00ebl, A., Loiselet, L., Tainmont, S., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., Lechien, J.R., and Duterme, J.P. (2021). Vestibular neuritis as clinical presentation Of COVID-19. Ear Nose Throat J., 145561321995021.","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561321995021"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2609.202059","article-title":"Parotitis-like symptoms associated with COVID-19, France, March\u2013April 2020","volume":"26","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00912-6","article-title":"Peripheral facial nerve palsy associated with COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06391-z","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 paradoxical vocal fold movement disorder","volume":"278","author":"Lechien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2020.05.012","article-title":"Features of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients with dysphonia","volume":"36","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003368","article-title":"Laryngeal Injury and upper airway symptoms after oral endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation during critical care: A systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Brodsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20741","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of muscle tension dysphonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia using spectral moments of the long-term average spectrum","volume":"120","author":"Houtz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819827488","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: State of the art review","volume":"160","author":"Lechien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29026","article-title":"Characterization of Fibroblasts in Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"131","author":"Lina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/3989\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:47:20Z","timestamp":1760140040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/3989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11143989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11143989","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202205.0060.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]}}}