{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:24Z","timestamp":1787028624691,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University","award":["2021LCYJ026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LCYJ026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute respiratory failure (ARF) with a high incidence among moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (M-STBI) patients plays a pivotal role in worsening neurological outcomes. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is highly prevalent in M-STBI, which is associated with significant adverse outcomes. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to explore the association between the severity of the tSAH and ARF in the M-STBI population. A total of 771 subjects were reviewed. Clinical and neuroimaging data of M-STBI patients were retrospectively collected, and ARF was ascertained retrospectively based on their electronic medical record. The degree of tSAH was classified according to Fisher\u2019s criteria, and the grade of tSAH was dichotomized to a low Fisher grade (Fisher grade 1\u20132) and a high Fisher grade (Fisher grade 3\u20134). After exclusion procedures, the data of 695 M-STBI patients were analyzed. A total of 284 (30.8%) had a high Fisher grade on admission. The overall rate of ARF within 48 h upon admission was 34.4% (239\/695); it was 29.5% (142\/481) and 46.3% (99\/214) for the low and high Fisher groups, respectively. In a full cohort, a high Fisher grade was associated with ARF after adjusting for age, gender, GCS, smoking history, comorbidities, multiple injuries, characteristics of TBI, and pulmonary factors (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.11\u20132.85, p = 0.016). This result remained robust in the comparisons after PSM (71\/132, 42.8% vs. 53\/132, 31.9%; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02\u20132.49, p = 0.042). A high Fisher SAH grade exposure on admission is associated with ARF in M-STBI patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1657493280000},"page":"3995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Acute Respiratory Failure in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9112-6463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Management, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi-Xing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Wu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-Nan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Na","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospitals, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-016-1004-y","article-title":"Tracheostomy is associated with decreased hospital mortality after moderate or severe isolated traumatic brain injury","volume":"128","author":"Baron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wien. 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