{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T12:16:19Z","timestamp":1771848979905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society for Periodontology e.V.\/CP GABA GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tissue concentrations of advanced glycation end product (AGE) and peripheral soluble receptor of AGE (sRAGE) levels may be associated with periodontitis severity. Both parameters and periodontitis might serve as outcome predictors for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to investigate possible associations between periodontitis and AGE\/sRAGE. Ultimately, we wanted to examine whether AGE, sRAGE, and severe periodontitis are associated with the incidence of new cardiovascular events within 3 years of follow-up after CABG. Ninety-five patients with coronary vascular disease (CVD) (age 69 years, 88.3% males) needing CABG surgery were included. Periodontal diagnosis was made according to the guidelines of the \u201cCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u201d (2007) and staged according to the new classification of periodontal diseases (2018). AGE tissue concentrations were assessed as skin autofluorescence (sAF). sRAGE levels were determined by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoabsorbance assay (ELISA) kit. Univariate and multivariate baseline and survival analyses were carried out with Mann\u2013Whitney U test, Chi\u00b2 test, Kaplan\u2013Meier curves with Log-Rank test, and logistic and Cox regression. sAF was identified as an independent risk indicator for severe periodontitis with respect to the cofactors age, gender, plaque index, and diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, p = 0.028). The degree of subgingival inflammation assessed as a percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) was inversely correlated with sRAGE concentration (r = \u22120.189, p = 0.034). Both sAF (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.4, p = 0.004) and sRAGE (HR = 1.9, p = 0.031) increased the crude risk for new adverse events after CABG. The occurrence of severe periodontitis trends towards a higher risk for new cardiovascular events (HR = 1.8, p = 0.115). Applying multivariate Cox regression, only peripheral arterial disease (adjusted HR = 2.7, p = 0.006) and history of myocardial infarction (adjusted HR = 2.8, p = 0.010) proved to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular outcome. We conclude that sAF may represent a new, independent risk indicator for severe periodontitis. In contrast, sAF, sRAGE, and severe periodontitis were not independent prognostic factors for postoperative outcome in patients undergoing CABG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"4105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) and Soluble Receptor of AGE (sRAGE) Levels in Relation to Periodontitis Severity and as Putative 3-Year Outcome Predictors in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5291-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Reichert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Centre of the University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Centre of the University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Navarrete","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Basic Research, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Friebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Grollmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-G\u00fcnter","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016640.99114.3D","article-title":"Survival after coronary revascularization in the elderly","volume":"105","author":"Graham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.08.056","article-title":"Assessment of independent predictors for long-term mortality between women and men after coronary artery bypass grafting: Are women different from men?","volume":"131","author":"Toumpoulis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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