{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:18:25Z","timestamp":1790349505017,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 TRANSCAN-2 funding mechanism","award":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 TRANSCAN-2 funding mechanism","award":["801347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801347"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 TRANSCAN-2 funding mechanism","award":["17-57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-57"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Cancer Society","award":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Cancer Society","award":["801347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801347"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Cancer Society","award":["17-57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-57"]}]},{"name":"Junior Scientific Masterclass (JSM)","award":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSCAN-147, ESCEND"]}]},{"name":"Junior Scientific Masterclass (JSM)","award":["801347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801347"]}]},{"name":"Junior Scientific Masterclass (JSM)","award":["17-57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-57"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vedolizumab is used as a treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but induction therapy leads to clinical response and remission in approximately 55% and 30% of patients with IBD, respectively. In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive value of mucosal eosinophils and serum eotaxin-1 regarding response to vedolizumab induction therapy. Eighty-four (84) patients with IBD (37 Crohn\u2019s disease [CD], 47 ulcerative colitis [UC]) were included. For 24 patients with IBD, histopathology was assessed for eosinophil counts in non-inflamed colonic tissue prior to vedolizumab treatment. For 64 patients with IBD, serum eotaxin-1 levels were quantified prior to (baseline) and during vedolizumab treatment. Serum samples of 100 patients with IBD (34 CD, 66 UC) from the GEMINI 1 and 2 trials were used for external validation. Baseline mucosal eosinophil numbers in non-inflamed colonic tissue were significantly higher in responders to vedolizumab induction therapy when compared to primary non-responders (69 [34\u2013138] vs. 24 [18\u201328] eosinophils\/high-power field, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). Baseline serum eotaxin-1 levels in the discovery cohort were significantly elevated in responders, compared to primary non-responders (0.33 [0.23\u20130.44] vs. 0.20 [0.16\u20130.29] ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.01). Prediction models based on mucosal eosinophil counts and serum eotaxin-1 showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 and 0.79, respectively. However, the predictive capacity of baseline serum eotaxin-1 levels could not be validated in the GEMINI cohort. Mucosal eosinophil abundance in non-inflamed colonic tissue was associated with response to vedolizumab induction therapy in patients with IBD. Future studies are warranted to further validate the potential value of mucosal eosinophils and serum eotaxin-1 as biomarkers for response to vedolizumab therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"4141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mucosal Eosinophil Abundance in Non-Inflamed Colonic Tissue Is Associated with Response to Vedolizumab Induction Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5435-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben Y.","family":"Gabri\u00ebls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno R.","family":"Bourgonje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius Z. H.","family":"von Martels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjasso","family":"Blokzijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinse K.","family":"Weersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0311-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Galinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaas Nico","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gursah","family":"Kats-Ugurlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-7462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"361","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0120-x","article-title":"Correction: ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease in Adults","volume":"113","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.40036.x","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults (update): American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee","volume":"99","author":"Kornbluth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw092","article-title":"An Overview of the Mechanism of Action of the Monoclonal Antibody Vedolizumab","volume":"10","author":"Wyant","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s. Colitis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.06.007","article-title":"Treatment of active Crohn\u2019s disease with MLN0002, a humanized antibody to the alpha4beta7 integrin","volume":"6","author":"Feagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21896","article-title":"Vedolizumab for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled phase 2 dose-ranging study","volume":"18","author":"Parikh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215739","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"369","author":"Sandborn","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"369","author":"Feagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-017-0879-5","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of vedolizumab compared with infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis in the United Kingdom","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1480-0","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: Real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"53","author":"Schreiber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001039","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Vedolizumab for Induction of Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-the Israeli Real-World Experience","volume":"23","author":"Kopylov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv033","article-title":"Introducing vedolizumab to clinical practice: Who, when, and how?","volume":"9","author":"Bryant","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.02.016","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab Induction Therapy for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"14","author":"Amiot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13594","article-title":"Vedolizumab induction therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice\u2014A nationwide consecutive German cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Baumgart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"412","article-title":"Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Vermeire","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"400","article-title":"Long-term Efficacy of Vedolizumab for Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"11","author":"Loftus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.402","article-title":"Peripheral eosinophilia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease defines an aggressive disease phenotype","volume":"112","author":"Click","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000492","article-title":"Eosinophilic colitis and colonic eosinophilia","volume":"35","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz024","article-title":"Eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"25","author":"Filippone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1996.262309.x","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of intestinal eosinophils and mast cells in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"28","author":"Bischoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz251","article-title":"Mucosal Eosinophilia Is an Independent Predictor of Vedolizumab Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92767-1","article-title":"A simple index of Crohn\u2019s-disease activity","volume":"1","author":"Harvey","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","article-title":"A simple clinical colitis activity index","volume":"43","author":"Walmsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"110","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of mucosal eosinophils in the pediatric gastrointestinal tract","volume":"9","author":"Lowichik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Modern Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.12.017","article-title":"Determination of esophageal eosinophil counts and other histologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis by pathology trainees is highly accurate","volume":"62","author":"Rusin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourgonje, A.R., von Martels, J.Z.H., de Vos, P., Faber, K.N., and Dijkstra, G. (2018). Increased fecal calprotectin levels in Crohn\u2019s disease correlate with elevated serum Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193202"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14550","article-title":"Review article: Predictors of response to vedolizumab and ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"47","author":"Barre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv226","article-title":"Vedolizumab Effectiveness and Safety Over the First Year of Use in an IBD Clinical Practice","volume":"10","author":"Vivio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00570","article-title":"Eosinophil cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors: Emerging roles in immunity","volume":"5","author":"Davoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.790114.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal eosinophils","volume":"179","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090720","article-title":"The eosinophil","volume":"24","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"64","article-title":"Activation of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis","volume":"30","author":"Makiyama","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3528(96)90052-4","article-title":"Mucosal allergy: Role of mast cells and eosinophil granulocytes in the gut","volume":"10","author":"Bischoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27975","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27975","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine (Eotaxin-3) that is a functional ligand of CC chemokine receptor 3","volume":"274","author":"Kitaura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(01)78007-8","article-title":"Gastrointestinal eosinophils in health and disease","volume":"78","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750153377","article-title":"Increased serum levels of eotaxin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05687.x","article-title":"Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"97","author":"Mir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0496-449","article-title":"Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia","volume":"2","author":"Rothenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6560","article-title":"Fundamental signals that regulate eosinophil homing to the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"103","author":"Mishra","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5993","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003844","article-title":"Colonic eosinophilic inflammation in experimental colitis is mediated by Ly6C(high) CCR2(+) inflammatory monocyte\/macrophage-derived CCL11","volume":"186","author":"Waddell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/86365","article-title":"A pathological function for eotaxin and eosinophils in eosinophilic gastrointestinal inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Hogan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4141\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:10Z","timestamp":1760140330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11144141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11144141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]]}}}