{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:54:56Z","timestamp":1762059296975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"]}]},{"name":"RECAVA (Red Tem\u00e1tica de Investigaci\u00f3n CooperativaenEnfermedadesCardiovasculares)","award":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER","award":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI05\/0451","PI14\/1567","PI17\/01615","PI17\/01495","PI19\/00128","PI20\/487","PI20\/923","RTC2019-006826-1","DTS 19\/00093","RD06\/0014\/0035","RD09\/0076\/00101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Mineral metabolism (MM) system and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) have been shown to add prognostic value in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). However, the influence of NT-ProBNP on the prognostic role of MM in patients with SCAD has not been shown yet. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of NT-ProBNP on the prognostic role of MM markers in patients with SCAD. Methods: We analyzed the prognostic value of MM markers (parathormone (PTH), klotho, phosphate, calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), and fibroblast growth factor-23) in 964 patients with SCAD and NT-ProBNP &gt; 125 pg\/mL vs. patient with NT-ProBNP \u2264 125 pg\/mL included in five hospitals in Spain. The main outcome was the combination of death, heart failure, and ischemic events (any acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack). Results: A total of 622 patients had NT-proBNP &gt; 125 pg\/mL and 342 patients had NT-ProBNP \u2264 125 pg\/mL. The median follow-up was 5.1 years. In the group of NT-proBNP &gt; 125 pg\/mL, the patients were older, and there were more females and smokers than in the group of patients with normal NT-proBNP. Additionally, the proportion of patients with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction &lt; 40%, cerebrovascular attack, or prior coronary artery bypass graft was higher in the high NT-proBNP group. In the high NT-proBNP patients, the predictors of poor prognosis were PTH (HR = 1.06 (1.01\u20131.10), p &lt; 0.001) and NT-proBNP (HR = 1.02 (1.01\u20131.03), p = 0.011), along with age (HR = 1.039 (1.02\u20131.06), p &lt; 0.001), prior coronary artery bypass graft (HR = 1.624 (1.02\u20132.59), p = 0.041), treatment with statins (HR = 0.32 (0.19\u20130.53), p &lt; 0.001), insulin (HR = 2.49 (1.59\u20134.09), p &lt; 0.001), angiotensin receptor blockers (HR = 1.73 (1.16\u20132.56), p = 0.007), nitrates (HR = 1.65 (1.10\u20132.45), p = 0.014), and proton pump inhibitors (HR = 2.75 (1.74\u20134.36), p &lt; 0.001). In the NT-proBNP \u2264 125 pg\/mL subgroup, poor prognosis predictors were plasma levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (HR = 1.01 (1.00\u20131.02), p = 0.014) and calcidiol (HR = 0.96 (0.92\u20130.99), p = 0.045), as well as treatment with verapamil (HR = 11.28 (2.54\u201350.00), p = 0.001), and dihydropyridines (HR = 3.16 (1.63\u20136.13), p = 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with SCAD and NT-ProBNP &gt; 125 pg\/mL, PTH and NT-ProBNP, which are markers related to ventricular damage, are predictors of poor outcome. In the subgroup of patients with NT-ProBNP \u2264 125 pgm\/L, calcidiol and non-HDL cholesterol, which are more related to vascular damage, are the independent predictors of poor outcome. Then, in patients with SCAD, baseline NT-ProBNP may influence the type of biomarker that is effective in risk prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"4153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["NT-proBNP Levels Influence the Prognostic Value of Mineral Metabolism Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Milla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Ace\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"L\u00f3pez-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Paul","family":"Gaebelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4342-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Tar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de M\u00f3stoles, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Crist\u00f3bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Blanco-Colio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mart\u00edn-Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Huelmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kallmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28922 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Getafe, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Landaluce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, 28942 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"L\u00f3pez Besc\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorc\u00f3n, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Egido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Research Unit, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mah\u00edllo-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Research Unit, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Casaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Tu\u00f1\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Avda. Reyes Cat\u00f3licos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(09)71335-1","article-title":"Biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"62","author":"Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.482570","article-title":"Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease","volume":"113","author":"Vasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020233","article-title":"Breathing not properly multinational study I. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergencydiagnosis of heart failure","volume":"347","author":"Maisel","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.012","article-title":"Usefulness of a combination of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, Galectin-3, and N-Terminal probrain natriuretic peptide to predict cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"113","author":"Higueras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.021","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides","volume":"50","author":"Daniels","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01271-0","article-title":"Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and normal left ventricular systolic function according to glucose status: A prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.550715","article-title":"Prognostic value of N-Terminal pro\u2013brain natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic stable angina","volume":"112","author":"Ndrepepa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contributio","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs077","article-title":"Galectin-3 predicts response to statin therapy in the controlled rosuvastatin multinational trial in heart failure (CORONA)","volume":"33","author":"Gullestad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.069","article-title":"Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and cardiovascular events among older adults","volume":"58","author":"Kestenbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0649-y","article-title":"Parathormone levels are independently associated with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"20","author":"Pello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.308","article-title":"Serum Levels of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium and risks of death and cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001272","article-title":"Elevated parathyroid hormone, but not vitamin D deficiency, is associated with increased risk of heart failure in older men with and without cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"Wannamethee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"iv17","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor activation and cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Praga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00004","article-title":"The associations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated matrix gla protein with mortality in coronary artery disease: The heart and soul study","volume":"152","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu\u00f1\u00f3n, J., Crist\u00f3bal, C., Tar\u00edn, N., Ace\u00f1a, \u00c1., Gonz\u00e1lez-Casaus, M.L., Huelmos, A., Alonso, J., Lorenzo, \u00d3., Gonz\u00e1lez-Parra, E., and Mah\u00edllo-Fern\u00e1ndez, I. (2014). Coexistence of low vitamin D and high fibroblast growth factor-23 plasma levels predicts an adverse outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095402"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46122","article-title":"FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"121","author":"Faul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13331","article-title":"Parathormone levels add prognostic ability to N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in stable coronary patients","volume":"8","author":"Pello","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1494","article-title":"Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2346","article-title":"Circulating heart failure biomarkers beyond natriuretic peptides: Review from the Biomarker Study Group of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"23","author":"Meijers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.05.005","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease: Dependent or independent risk factors?","volume":"162","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282ffb43b","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone and the risk of incident hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/36285","article-title":"Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing","volume":"390","author":"Kuroo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"57","article-title":"Impacto de los niveles plasm\u00e1ticos de pro-p\u00e9ptido natriur\u00e9tico tipo B aminoterminal, prote\u00edna quimiot\u00e1ctica de monocitos-1 y galectina3 en la capacidad predictiva de eventos de la escala cl\u00ednica LIPID en la enfermedad coronaria estable. Impact of plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide amino-terminal and galectin-3 levels on the predictive capacity of the LIPID Clinical Risk Scale in stable coronary disease","volume":"27","author":"Higueras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Arterioscler."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.248039","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Early Death","volume":"32","author":"Benn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-272872","article-title":"Vitamin D modulates tissue factor and protease-activated receptor 2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"30","author":"Herencia","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs046","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in vascular calcification: Bad guy or good guy?","volume":"27","author":"Massy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.673491","article-title":"Calcium\/Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events","volume":"115","author":"Hsia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1870","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 83,000 Individuals in 21 Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barbarawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001278","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001278","article-title":"Serum parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk of incident heart failure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Bansal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:33Z","timestamp":1760140353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11144153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11144153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]}}}