{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T14:41:17Z","timestamp":1769092877592,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal inheritable disorder that impairs the protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin. This disorder presents with various systemic effects, including liver cirrhosis, centrilobular emphysema, and ocular manifestations. Performing corneal refractive surgery in patients with AATD raises concerns regarding the increased rates of corneal erosions, corneal ulcerations, potential developing descemetoceles, and other ocular manifestations. Patient outcomes for laser-assisted in situ keratomileuses (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), and other ocular corrective surgeries are lacking in this population. This article provides experiences performing corneal refractive surgery, discusses the current understanding of AATD, including its ocular manifestations, and explores factors to consider when evaluating patients for corneal procedures. The aim of this paper is to address the manifestations of AATD prior to performing corrective vision surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"4175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency for Corneal Refractive Surgery: A Review and Clinical Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Moshirfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St. #200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"},{"name":"John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"},{"name":"Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT 84107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmyne C.","family":"Ronquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St. #200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"},{"name":"Olivera Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St. #200, Draper, UT 84020, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.5.1818","article-title":"Worldwide Racial and Ethnic Distribution of \u03b11-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Summary of an Analysis of Published Genetic Epidemiologic Surveys","volume":"122","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16051","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.51","article-title":"\u03b11-Antitrypsin deficiency","volume":"2","author":"Greene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0900449","article-title":"Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency","volume":"360","author":"Silverman","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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