{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1762058644344,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD Italia S.r.l. (Rome, Italy)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this prospective observational study, data were collected from 34 rheumatology clinics in Italy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) who started golimumab (GLM) as a second anti-TNF\u03b1 drug. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of GLM after 6 months. Changes in quality of life using the EQ-5D-5L were also assessed. A total of 194 patients aged 53.2 \u00b1 12 years started GLM as a second anti-TNF drug: 39 (20.1%) with RA, 91 (46.9%) with PsA and 64 (32.9%) with axSpA. After 6 months of GLM treatment, 68% of RA patients achieved low disease activity (LDA; DAS28-CRP \u2264 3.2), 31.9% of PsA patients achieved minimal disease activity and 32.5% of axSpA patients achieved LDA (ASDAS-CRP &lt; 2.1). Good\/moderate EULAR response was achieved in 61.9% and 73.8% of patients with RA and PsA, respectively, and 16% of axSpA patients achieved a 50% improvement in BASDAI. Across all indications, improvements in disease activity measures and EQ-5D-5L domains were observed over 6 months. The main reasons for GLM interruption were lack\/loss of efficacy (7.2%) or adverse events (2%). This study confirms the effectiveness of GLM as a second-line anti-TNF for the treatment of RA, PsA and axSpA in a real-world setting in Italy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"4178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of Golimumab as Second Anti-TNF\u03b1 Drug in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis in Italy: GO-BEYOND, a Prospective Real-World Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Reumatologico Lucano (I.Re.L), Dipartimento Regionale di Reumatologia, AOR San Carlo di Potenza, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Tirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD di Reumatologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, 80144 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3304-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Maria","family":"Giardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs MSD Italia S.r.l., 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mattucci-Cerinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.O. Careggi Universit\u00e0, 50134 Firenze, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Dagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.S. Reumatologia ASL BT\u2014DSS 4, 76121 Barletta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Frediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AOU S. Anna di Ferrara, UOC Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universit\u00e0 di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bobbio Pallavicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo S.C. Reumatologia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Daniela","family":"Grembiale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli studi \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d di Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7379-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Delle Sedie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Reumatologia Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Mul\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant\u2019Orsola, UO Reumatologia, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9929-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Cantatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Reumatologia Universitaria, \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.O.U. Policlinico G. Rodolico-S. Marco, U.O di Reumatologia, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gremese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Conigliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Universit\u00e0 di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Salaffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Reumatologica, Ospedale \u201cC. Urbani\u201d Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60035 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Viapiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Borgo Roma Policlinico G.B. Rossi, U.O.C. Reumatologia, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Osped\/Universitaria Policlinico Monserrato, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Giacomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC ImmunoReumatologia, Universit\u00e0 CampusBio Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Arcarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC ImmunoReumatologia, Universit\u00e0 CampusBio Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Guggino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romualdo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AORN, A. Cardarelli U.O.S. Reumatologia, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Puenpatom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Capocotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD di Reumatologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, 80144 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Nacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Divisions of Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Anelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, DETO, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Picerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Reumatologico Lucano (I.Re.L), Dipartimento Regionale di Reumatologia, AOR San Carlo di Potenza, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Binetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs MSD Italia S.r.l., 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florenzo","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, DETO, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.163","article-title":"Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Have We Learned?","volume":"19","author":"Feldmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:19:2:153","article-title":"Anti-TNF Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1052744","article-title":"Pharmacological Therapy of Spondyloarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Palazzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/dz0xrd","article-title":"Quality of Life and Therapeutic Management of Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients in Italy: A 12-Month Prospective Observational Study","volume":"39","author":"Malavolta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210770","article-title":"2016 Update of the ASAS-EULAR Management Recommendations for Axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Ramiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217159","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Psoriatic Arthritis with Pharmacological Therapies: 2019 Update","volume":"79","author":"Gossec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.63","article-title":"Loss of Response to Anti-TNFs: Definition, Epidemiology, and Management","volume":"7","author":"Roda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22788","article-title":"Twelve-Year Retention Rate of First-Line Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Real-Life Data From a Local Registry","volume":"68","author":"Favalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.04.002","article-title":"Strategies after the Failure of the First Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Agent in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Papagoras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216655","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Synthetic and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: 2019 Update","volume":"79","author":"Smolen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120584","article-title":"Golimumab in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Methotrexate Therapy: Results through 2 Years of the GO-FORWARD Study Extension","volume":"40","author":"Keystone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24403","article-title":"Golimumab, a New Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibody, Administered Every Four Weeks as a Subcutaneous Injection in Psoriatic Arthritis: Twenty-Four-Week Efficacy and Safety Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"60","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23969","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Golimumab in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial","volume":"58","author":"Inman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39257","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Sixteen-Week Study of Subcutaneous Golimumab in Patients with Active Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Sieper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2017.1256387","article-title":"Golimumab for the Treatment of Axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Palazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X18793317","article-title":"The Role of Golimumab in Inflammatory Arthritis. A Review of the Evidence","volume":"10","author":"Tahir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60506-7","article-title":"Golimumab in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis after Treatment with Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors (GO-AFTER Study): A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial","volume":"374","author":"Smolen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0516-6","article-title":"Golimumab in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis after Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 Inhibitors: Findings with up to Five Years of Treatment in the Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 GO-AFTER Study","volume":"17","author":"Smolen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.01.008","article-title":"Golimumab in Real-Life Settings: 2 Years Drug Survival and Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"47","author":"Iannone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.07.003","article-title":"Four-Year Follow-up of Inflammatory Arthropathy Patients Treated with Golimumab: Data from the Observational Multicentre NOR-DMARD Study","volume":"50","author":"Michelsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25223","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025223","article-title":"Effectiveness and Persistence of Golimumab as a Second Biological Drug in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: A Retrospective Study","volume":"100","author":"Juanola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2020-0296","article-title":"GO-BEYOND: A Real-World Study of Persistence of Golimumab in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Turkey","volume":"13","author":"Akar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/zizo0l","article-title":"Real-Life Persistence of Golimumab in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Results of the 2-Year Observational GO-PRACTICE Study","volume":"39","author":"Flipo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1352","article-title":"Real-Life Golimumab Persitence in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Post-Hoc Results of the Prospective Observational Cohort Study, GO-PRACTICE","volume":"40","author":"Goupille","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00204-9","article-title":"Golimumab as the First-, Second-, or at Least Third-Line Biologic Agent in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Ankylosing Spondylitis: Post Hoc Analysis of a Noninterventional Study in Germany","volume":"7","author":"Burmester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2020.07.011","article-title":"Golimumab Effectiveness in Biologic Inadequate Responding Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis in Real-Life from the Italian Registry GISEA","volume":"88","author":"Iannone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461","article-title":"2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative","volume":"69","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21972","article-title":"Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis: Development of New Criteria from a Large International Study","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","article-title":"The Development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Classification Criteria for Axial Spondyloarthritis (Part II): Validation and Final Selection","volume":"68","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2021, November 15). European Medicines Agency Simponi\u2014Summary of Product Characteristics. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/simponi."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"S-65","article-title":"The Development of the Disease Activity Score (DAS) and the Disease Activity Score Using 28 Joint Counts (DAS28)","volume":"32","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094870","article-title":"Development of an ASAS-Endorsed Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis","volume":"68","author":"Lukas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138594","article-title":"Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS): Defining Cut-off Values for Disease Activity States and Improvement Scores","volume":"70","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A New Approach to Defining Disease Status in Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203967","article-title":"Development of a Health Index in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS HI): Final Result of a Global Initiative Based on the ICF Guided by ASAS","volume":"74","author":"Kiltz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EuroQol Group (1990). EuroQol\u2014A New Facility for the Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life. Health Policy, 16, 199\u2013208.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210715","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Synthetic and Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: 2016 Update","volume":"76","author":"Smolen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.102053","article-title":"Defining Minimal Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Proposed Objective Target for Treatment","volume":"69","author":"Coates","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"S93","article-title":"The Disease Activity Score and the EULAR Response Criteria","volume":"23","author":"Fransen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R72","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1941","article-title":"Survival of TNF Antagonists in Spondylarthritis Is Better than in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Data from the Spanish Registry BIOBADASER","volume":"8","author":"Carmona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404","article-title":"The Use of Confidence or Fiducial Limits Illustrated in the Case of the Binomial","volume":"26","author":"Clopper","year":"1934","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20577","article-title":"Measures of Psoriatic Arthritis: Tender and Swollen Joint Assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (MNAPSI), Mander\/Newcastle Enthesitis Index (MEI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), Patient Global for Psoriatic Arthritis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQOL), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI), Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI)","volume":"63","author":"Mease","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4178\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:53:39Z","timestamp":1760140419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/14\/4178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11144178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11144178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}}}