{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:34:12Z","timestamp":1785522852502,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians in Young Researcher Competition \u201cFunctional characterization of ovarian-specific genes potentially involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis\u201d","award":["5\/FBW\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/FBW\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians in Young Researcher Competition \u201cFunctional characterization of ovarian-specific genes potentially involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis\u201d","award":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004383","name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/FBW\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/FBW\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004383","name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union EU PARP","award":["5\/FBW\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/FBW\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Union EU PARP","award":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UDA-POIG.05.01.00-005\/12-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenomyosis is a common gynaecological disease associated with the presence of endometrial lesions in the uterine myometrium. Estrogens have been proven to be the crucial hormones driving the growth of adenomyosis. Little is known about the distinct mechanisms of progesterone action in adenomyosis. Hence, in this study, we decided to characterize the expression of all nuclear and membrane estrogen and progesterone receptors. Additionally, as a functional investigation, we monitored prolactin production and cell proliferation after estradiol and progesterone treatments. We confirmed the presence of all nuclear and membrane estrogen and progesterone receptors in adenomyotic lesions at gene and protein levels. The expression of membrane progesterone receptors \u03b1 and \u03b2 (mPR\u03b1, mPR\u03b2) as well as estrogen receptor \u03b2 (ER\u03b2) was upregulated in adenomyosis compared to normal myometrium. Estradiol significantly increased adenomyotic cell proliferation. Progesterone and cAMP upregulated prolactin secretion in adenomyosis in the same pattern as in the normal endometrium. In the present study, we showed the functional link between estradiol action and adenomyotic cell proliferation, as well as progesterone and prolactin production. Our findings provide novel insights into the sex steroid receptor expression pattern and potential regulated pathways in adenomyosis, suggesting that all receptors play an important role in adenomyosis pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"4407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Functional Implications of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors Expression in Adenomyosis, Potential Targets for Endocrinological Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sztachelska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donata","family":"Ponikwicka-Tyszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2726-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Departamento di Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Bernaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Palak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weronika","family":"P\u00f3\u0142ch\u0142opek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Bielawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Wo\u0142czy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716687","article-title":"Adenomyosis: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. 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