{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:26:56Z","timestamp":1790681216112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tunisian Ministry for Higher Education, Research, and Technology","award":["LR16\/IPT\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR16\/IPT\/02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When the central nervous system (CNS) is the primary affected site in an initial attack of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD), the differential diagnosis is particularly challenging. Some cases remain unclassified or qualified as probable neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (NBD). Several cytokines are involved in the immunopathogenesis of this disease; however, studies establishing the differential cytokine pattern between probable and definite NBD are scarce. Twenty-eight parenchymal NBD patients, diagnosed according to the International Consensus Recommendation (ICR) criteria and classified into definite (D-NBD; n = 17) and probable (P-NBD; n = 11), were sampled at their first neurological symptoms, and compared with healthy control subjects (n = 20). Oligoclonal bands (OCB) of IgG were detected by isoelectric focusing on agarose, and immunoblotting of matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample pairs. T cell cytokines (INF-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-10) and transcription factors related to Th1, Th2, Th17, and T regulatory populations (respectively T-bet, GATA-3, ROR-\u03b3t, and Foxp3) were studied by quantitative RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CSF cells. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 were also analyzed. CSF OCB pattern 2 was present in only 1 out of 28 neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s patients who belonged to the P-NBD group. Two D-NBD patients had OCB in CSF showing pattern 4. In the D-NBD CSF samples, IL-17 and IL-10 expressions were significantly elevated compared to P-NBD. Moreover, D-NBD patients had increased levels of T-bet\/GATA-3 and ROR-\u03b3t\/Foxp3 ratios compared to P-NBD. Furthermore, a significant increase of CSF IL-6 in D-NBD, compared to P-NBD and the controls, was found. In addition to the increased IL-6 level, the data obtained suggest the existence in D-NBD patients of a significantly disrupted balance between Th17 effector and T regulatory cells, as reflected by the enhanced ROR-\u03b3t\/Foxp3 ratio. This could be considered as an additional criterion for definite neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"4415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Increased T-bet\/GATA-3 and ROR-\u03b3t \/Foxp3 Ratios in Cerebrospinal Fluid as Potential Criteria for Definite Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Meriam","family":"Belghith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfa","family":"Maghrebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroua","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Bahrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria","family":"Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Belal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia Ben","family":"Sassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed-Ridha","family":"Barbouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Kchaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis 1006, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.02.001","article-title":"CSF Levels of Cytokines in Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease","volume":"111","author":"Ittehadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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