{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:27:59Z","timestamp":1783535279486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: A significant antibiotic prescribing pattern associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been described. Multiple protocols included empirical antimicrobials, leading to a substantial increase in antimicrobial consumption in medical care. A higher mortality rate is described among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antibiotics. Objectives: To determine the association between the use of antibiotics and the development of acute renal injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in patients treated at the Hospital II EsSalud de Ucayali, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted, evaluating the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit between July 2020 and July 2021. For the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion, statistical hypothesis contrast tests were used in relation to acute kidney injury (AKI), antibiotic use and associated factors, derived from linear regression models. Results: The factors that were positively associated with the development of AKI were sepsis (aPR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.26\u20136.43), shock (aPR:2.49; 95% CI: 1.28\u20134.86), mechanical ventilation (aPR:9.11; 95% CI: 1.23\u201367.57), and use of vancomycin (aPR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.19\u20138.27). Conclusions: In the Peruvian Amazon, there is a high consumption and inadequate prescription of antibiotics. The drugs most commonly used for the treatment of COVID-19 were: aminoglycosides, vancomycin, ivermectin, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and corticosteroids. The development of AKI among hospitalized patients was found to be related to vancomycin administration. In addition, an association was found with the use of mechanical ventilation, a high body mass index, and the presence of complications such as sepsis or shock. Therefore, inappropriate antibiotic use for COVID-19 has been associated with multiple negative outcomes and consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T02:11:32Z","timestamp":1659406292000},"page":"4493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luccio","family":"Roman\u00ed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru"},{"name":"Emerge, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Emergentes y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Facultad de Salud P\u00fablica y Administraci\u00f3n, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darwin A.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru"},{"name":"Emerge, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Emergentes y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Facultad de Salud P\u00fablica y Administraci\u00f3n, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rafael-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, Pucallpa 25004, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2896-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshuan J.","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Rodriguez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia"},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria Visi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia"},{"name":"Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2021.11.010","article-title":"Uncommon Causes of Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"38","author":"Formeck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. 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