{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:10:34Z","timestamp":1792440634252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations have recently been implicated in causing myocarditis. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with myocarditis following mRNA vaccination. The secondary aims were to report common imaging and laboratory findings, as well as treatment regimes, in these patients. A literature search was performed from December 2019 to June 2022. Eligible studies reported patients older than 18 years vaccinated with mRNA, a diagnosis of myocarditis, and subsequent outcomes. Pooled mean or proportion were analyzed using a random-effects model. Seventy-five unique studies (patient n = 188, 89.4% male, mean age 18\u201367 years) were included. Eighty-six patients had Moderna vaccines while one hundred and two patients had Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (34.5%), fever (17.1%), myalgia (12.4%), and chills (12.1%). The most common radiologic findings were ST-related changes on an electrocardiogram (58.7%) and hypokinesia on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or echocardiography (50.7%). Laboratory findings included elevated Troponin I levels (81.7%) and elevated C-reactive protein (71.5%). Seven patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. The most common treatment modality was non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (36.6%) followed by colchicine (28.5%). This meta-analysis presents novel evidence to suggest possible myocarditis post mRNA vaccination in certain individuals, especially young male patients. Clinical practice must therefore take appropriate pre-cautionary measures when administrating COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T20:52:01Z","timestamp":1659559921000},"page":"4521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Reem H.","family":"Matar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Smayra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"El Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilip K.","family":"Vankayalapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan Suresh","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danijel","family":"Tosovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4193-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian A.","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad H.","family":"Yamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45018","article-title":"Initial success in the identification and management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) indicates human-to-human transmission in Wuhan, China","volume":"16","author":"Awadasseid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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