{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:23:29Z","timestamp":1790173409524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of established diagnostic criteria makes diagnosing blunt cardiac injury difficult. We investigated the factors associated with blunt cardiac injury using the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) in a multicenter observational study of blunt trauma patients conducted between 2004 and 2018. The primary outcome was the incidence of blunt cardiac\/pericardial injury. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with blunt cardiac injuries. Of the 228,513 patients, 1002 (0.4%) had blunt cardiac injury. Hypotension on hospital arrival (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.536, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.802\u20135.412), thoracic aortic injury (AOR 2.722, 95% CI 1.947\u20133.806), pulmonary contusion (AOR 2.532, 95% CI 2.204\u20132.909), rib fracture (AOR 1.362, 95% CI 1.147\u20131.618), sternal fracture (AOR 3.319, 95% CI 2.696\u20134.085). and hemothorax\/pneumothorax (AOR 1.689, 95% CI 1.423\u20132.006)) was positively associated with blunt cardiac injury. Regarding the types of patients, car drivers had a higher rate of blunt cardiac injury compared to other types of patients. Driving a car, hypotension on hospital arrival, thoracic aortic injury, pulmonary contusion, rib fracture, sternal fracture, and hemothorax\/pneumothorax were positively associated with blunt cardiac injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T20:52:01Z","timestamp":1659559921000},"page":"4534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors Associated with Cardiac\/Pericardial Injury among Blunt Injury Patients: A Nationwide Study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka 540-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuhisa","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7490-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka 540-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunichiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0423-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jotaro","family":"Tachino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 540-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeyuki","family":"Kiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 540-0006, Japan"},{"name":"Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasuku","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women\u2019s University, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka 540-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanschen, M., Kanz, K.G., Kirchhoff, C., Khalil, P.N., Wierer, M., van Griensven, M., Laugwitz, K.L., Biberthaler, P., Lefering, R., and Huber-Wagner, S. 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