{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:09:33Z","timestamp":1790060973945,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitivity MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2017-83351R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-83351R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitivity MINECO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIE 201820E073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIE 201820E073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"special internal project of CSIC (the National Research Council of Spain)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2017-83351R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-83351R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"special internal project of CSIC (the National Research Council of Spain)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIE 201820E073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIE 201820E073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on cancer therapies focuses on processes such as angiogenesis, cell signaling, stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance and inflammation, all of which are influenced by the cellular and molecular microenvironment of the tumor. Different strategies, such as antibodies, small chemicals, hormones, cytokines, and, recently, gene editing techniques, have been tested to reduce the malignancy and generate a harmful microenvironment for the tumor. Few therapeutic agents have shown benefits when administered alone, but a few more have demonstrated clear improvement when administered in combination with other therapeutic molecules. In 2008 (and for the first time in the clinic), the therapeutic benefits of the \u03b2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol, were described in benign tumors, such as infantile hemangioma. Propranolol, initially prescribed for high blood pressure, irregular heart rate, essential tremor, and anxiety, has shown, in the last decade, increasing evidence of its antitumoral properties in more than a dozen different types of cancer. Moreover, the use of propranolol in combination therapies with other drugs has shown synergistic antitumor effects. This review highlights the clinical trials in which propranolol is taking part as adjuvant therapy at single administration or in combinatorial human trials, arising as a good pick and roll partner in anticancer strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"4539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Propranolol: A \u201cPick and Roll\u201d Team Player in Benign Tumors and Cancer Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Albi\u00f1ana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad 707, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunate","family":"Gallardo-Vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Casado-Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Bioingenier\u00eda, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Recio-Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad 707, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6310-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa Mar\u00eda","family":"Botella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad 707, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6596-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel M","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad 707, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.7.1723","article-title":"Molecular tinkering of G protein-coupled receptors: An evolutionary success","volume":"18","author":"Bockaert","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0204","article-title":"Minireview: GPCR and G proteins: Drug efficacy and activation in live cells","volume":"23","author":"Vilardaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. 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