{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:05:03Z","timestamp":1772449503429,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI 820\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI 820\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WU 820\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU 820\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RE 3304\/8-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE 3304\/8-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polytrauma and concomitant hemorrhagic shock can lead to intestinal damage and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is expressed in the intestine and appears quickly in the circulation after intestinal epithelial cell damage. This porcine animal study investigates the I-FABP dynamics in plasma and urine after polytrauma. Furthermore, it evaluates to what extent I-FABP can also act as a marker of intestinal damage in a porcine polytrauma model. Eight pigs (Sus scrofa) were subjected to polytrauma which consisted of lung contusion, tibial fracture, liver laceration, and hemorrhagic shock followed by blood and fluid resuscitation and fracture fixation with an external fixator. Eight sham animals were identically instrumented but not injured. Afterwards, intensive care treatment including mechanical ventilation for 72 h followed. I-FABP levels in blood and urine were determined by ELISA. In addition, immunohistological staining for I-FABP, active caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase were performed after 72 h. Plasma and urine I-FABP levels were significantly increased shortly after trauma. I-FABP expression in intestinal tissue showed significantly lower expression in polytraumatized animals vs. sham. Caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase expression in the immunohistological examination were significantly higher in the jejunum and ileum of polytraumatized animals compared to sham animals. This study confirms a loss of intestinal barrier after polytrauma which is indicated by increased I-FABP levels in plasma and urine as well as decreased I-FABP levels in immunohistological staining of the intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T22:51:46Z","timestamp":1659912706000},"page":"4599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["I-FABP as a Potential Marker for Intestinal Barrier Loss in Porcine Polytrauma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jan Tilmann","family":"Vollrath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Klingebiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma, University of Zurich, Universit\u00e4tsspital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7419-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Bl\u00e4sius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Greven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eftychios","family":"Bolierakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander J.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Simic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingo","family":"Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna","family":"Relja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The global burden of injury: Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013","volume":"22","author":"Haagsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inj. 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