{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1792153629865,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous clinical studies have suggested that pachychoroid can induce macular neovascularization (MNV) to develop pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and that PNV can progress to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Recent studies based on the pachychoroid concept are now gradually revealing the true nature of, at least some part of, PCV. However, previous studies on PNV and\/or PCV have used different frameworks for the classification of PNV, PCV, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). These have hampered the rapid overhaul of the understanding of PCV. Some investigators have assumed that all PCV is pachychoroid-driven whereas other investigators have classified PCV into \u201cpachychoroid PCV\u201d and \u201cnon-pachychoroid PCV\u201d. Furthermore, since there is no consensus as to whether PNV includes PCV, some studies have included PCV with PNV, while other studies have excluded PCV from PNV. To address these gaps, we summarize previous studies on PCV and pachychoroid. Even before the proposal of the pachychoroid concept, previous studies had suggested that PCV could be divided into two subtypes, of which one was characterized by pachychoroid features. Previous studies had also provided keys to understand relationship between PCV and PNV. We here recommend a refined conceptual framework for future studies on PNV, PCV, and nAMD. Considering the current inconsistent understanding of PCV, we should be cautious about using the term PCV until we understand the true nature of PCV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1659997991000},"page":"4614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Relationship between Pachychoroid and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9354-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 7838505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0362-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuo","family":"Yanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2320024, Japan"},{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 9030215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 3718511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chui Ming Gemmy","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore"},{"name":"The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumi","family":"Gomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo 1628666, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0779-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akitaka","family":"Tsujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006","article-title":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Consensus Nomenclature and Non-Indocyanine Green Angiograph Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society PCV Workgroup","volume":"128","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","article-title":"Consensus Nomenclature for Reporting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Data: Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group","volume":"127","author":"Spaide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00740-5","article-title":"Pachychoroid disease: A new perspective on exudative maculopathy","volume":"64","author":"Yanagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn. 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