{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1784873770551,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parosmia is a qualitative distortion of smell perception. Resulting from central causes, sinonasal diseases, and infections, parosmia has also been associated with medications. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential signals for drugs associated with parosmia. VigiBase\u00ae (the WHO pharmacovigilance database) was queried for all reports of \u201cParosmia\u201d (MedDRA Preferred Term), registered up to 23 January 2022. Disproportionality analysis relied on the reporting odds ratio and the information component. A signal is detected when the lower end of the 95% confidence interval of the information component is positive. We found 14,032 reports of parosmia, with a median patient age of 53 years. Most reported drugs were antiinfectives, among which COVID-19 vaccines accounted for 27.1% of reports. Antibiotics and corticosteroids were involved in 6.8% and 4.6% of reports. Significant disproportionate reporting was detected for corticosteroids, antibiotics, drugs used in nicotine dependence, COVID-19 and HPV vaccines, serotonin\u2013norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and incretin mimetics. We suggest potential safety signals involving nicotine replacement therapies and vaccines. We also highlight the potential role of less suspected classes, such as SNRIs and incretin mimetics. An iatrogenic etiology should be evoked when parosmia occurs, especially in the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T02:42:53Z","timestamp":1660099373000},"page":"4641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Drug-Associated Parosmia: New Perspectives from the WHO Safety Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7669-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Olivier","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9993-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Th\u00fcmmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoBTek, FRIS, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, 06100 Nice, France"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospitals of Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouha","family":"Ben Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Viard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Rocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Destere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise Katheryne","family":"Van Obberghen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milou-Daniel","family":"Drici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Centre of Nice, University Hospital of Nice, 06000 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/27.7.611","article-title":"Distortion of Olfactory Perception: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"27","author":"Leopold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. 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