{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:55:40Z","timestamp":1789430140378,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["765608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["765608"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["RTI2018-094071-B-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094071-B-C21"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund","award":["765608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["765608"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund","award":["RTI2018-094071-B-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-094071-B-C21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry eye (DED) is a prevalent disease with immune-mediated inflammation as the principal pathophysiological etiology. Olive pomace, the major by-product of the olive oil industry, is rich in high-value polyphenols. Their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities were determined on human CD4+ T cells (hTCD4+) and in a DED animal model. The viability of hTCD4+ cells isolated from peripheral blood and activated with phytohemagglutinin-M was evaluated after treatment for 48 h with an olive pomace extract (OPT3, 0.10\u20130.40 mg\/mL) and its major compound, hydroxytyrosol (25\u2013100 \u03bcM). Regarding the DED animal model, 100 \u03bcM hydroxytyrosol, 0.20 mg\/mL OPT3, or vehicle (borate buffer) were topically administered to 14 days-desiccating stress-exposed (constant airflow\/scopolamine administration) C57BL\/6 mice. Tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), CD4+, and CD8+ T cell count in lymph nodes (flow cytometry), and IP-10 and TNF-\u03b1 gene expression (qRT-PCR) in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands were evaluated. OPT3 (0.2\u20130.4 mg\/mL) and hydroxytyrosol (100 \u03bcM) significantly reduced hTCD4+ proliferation. In mice, both treatments reduced lacrimal gland IP-10 gene expression. OPT3 also decreased CFS, and conjunctival IP-10 and corneal TNF-\u03b1 gene expression. In lymph nodes, hydroxytyrosol reduced CD3+, OPT3, and CD8+ count. Thus, a high-value application as a promising DED protection was proposed for olive pomace.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"4703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds: From an Agro-Industrial By-Product to a Promising Ocular Surface Protection for Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7776-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Katsinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid (UVa), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Research Institute on Bioeconomy (BioEcoUVa), High Pressure Processes Group, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina Str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Gehlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Garc\u00eda-Posadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid (UVa), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Bioeconomy (BioEcoUVa), High Pressure Processes Group, School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), Dr. Mergelina Str., 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6892-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3673-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid (UVa), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia","family":"Enr\u00edquez-de-Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid (UVa), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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