{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:01:42Z","timestamp":1787911302226,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Padova","award":["BIRD194033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD194033"]}]},{"name":"University of Padova","award":["BIRD199551\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD199551\/19"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Farmaceutici","award":["BIRD194033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD194033"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Farmaceutici","award":["BIRD199551\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD199551\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Chronic bronchitis (CB) importantly affects outcomes in smokers with COPD, but the effects on smokers without COPD are less well known and less emphasized. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible effects of CB on clinical outcomes in smokers without COPD (noCOPD) and compare them with the effects in smokers with COPD (COPD). Methods. For that purpose, we studied 511 smokers, 302 with and 209 without COPD, followed for 10 years in an academic COPD ambulatory setting. Chronic bronchitis was defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of two consecutive years. All subjects underwent clinical and functional examination with spirometry, diffusion capacity (DLco), 6-min walking test (6MWT), mMRC Dyspnoea Scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and recording of annual frequency of exacerbations. All-cause mortality during follow-up was recorded. Results. 27% of noCOPD and 45% of COPD had CB. noCOPD with CB had lower FEV1 and DLco, worse 6MWT, more dyspnoea, a higher number of exacerbations and lower survival than noCOPD without CB. CB did not affect FEV1 decline in noCOPD but it significantly did in COPD. Conclusions. The presence of chronic bronchitis in smokers without COPD will significantly affect symptoms, quality of life, and survival, underlining the importance of recognizing the condition and managing it accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T23:51:01Z","timestamp":1661125861000},"page":"4886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Bronchitis Affects Outcomes in Smokers without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alvise","family":"Casara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Turato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0777-3850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Marin-Oto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6739-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Semenzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Biondini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3094-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariaenrica","family":"Tin\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol","family":"Bernardinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Cocconcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Cubero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Balestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e8 M.","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit (IIS Arag\u00f3n), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Cosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Respiratory Division, McGill University, Montreal, QU 000004, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Saetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Bazzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"Definition and classification of chronic bronchitis for clinical and epidemiological purposes. 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