{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:33:58Z","timestamp":1771472038836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with acute neuromuscular respiratory failure (NMRF) and non-NMRF have not been defined or compared in the literature. Methods: We retrospectively collected the initial ABG parameters (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and HCO3) of patients admitted to ICUs with acute respiratory failure. We compared ABG parameter ranges and the prevalence of abnormalities in NMRF versus non-NMRF and its categories, including primary pulmonary disease (PPD) (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis), pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. Results: We included 287 patients (NMRF, n = 69; non-NMRF, n = 218). The difference between NMRF and non-NMRF included the median (interquartile range (IQR)) of pH (7.39 (7.32\u20137.43), 7.33 (7.22\u20137.39), p &lt; 0.001), PaO2 (86.9 (71.4\u2013123), 79.6 (64.6\u201399.1) mmHg, p = 0.02), and HCO3 (24.85 (22.9\u201327.8), 23.4 (19.4\u201326.8) mmol\/L, p = 0.006). We found differences in the median of PaCO2 in NMRF (41.5 mmHg) versus PPD (63.3 mmHg), PaO2 in NMRF (86.9 mmHg) versus pneumonia (74.3 mmHg), and HCO3 in NMRF (24.8 mmol\/L) versus pulmonary edema (20.9 mmol\/L) (all p &lt; 0.01). NMRF compared to non-NMRF patients had a lower frequency of hypercarbia (24.6% versus 39.9%) and hypoxia (33.8% versus 50.5%) (all p &lt; 0.05). NMRF compared to PPD patients had lower frequency of combined hypoxia and hypercarbia (13.2% versus 37.8%) but more frequently isolated high bicarbonate (33.8% versus 8.9%) (all p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The ranges of ABG changes in NMRF patients differed from those of non-NMRF patients, with a greater reduction in PaO2 in non-NMRF than in NMRF patients. Combined hypoxemia and hypercarbia were most frequent in PPD patients, whereas isolated high bicarbonate was most frequent in NMRF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T21:30:34Z","timestamp":1661203834000},"page":"4926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utility of Initial Arterial Blood Gas in Neuromuscular versus Non-Neuromuscular Acute Respiratory Failure in Intensive Care Unit Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Abuzinadah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Medicine Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma Khaled","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rinad Zuwaimel","family":"Almuteeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahaf Hassan","family":"Althalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanin Abdullah","family":"Sahli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima Abdulrahman","family":"Hayash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahaf Hamed","family":"Alrayiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0892-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seraj","family":"Makkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Maglan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loujen O.","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noof M.","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha H.","family":"Alsaati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aysha A.","family":"Alshareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Medicine Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan Saeed","family":"Aljereish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed K.","family":"Bamaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Pediatric Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faris","family":"Alhejaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Division, Internal Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Abdulaziz","family":"Abulaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alanazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Acute Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure","volume":"21","author":"Rabinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2021.01.010","article-title":"Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. 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