{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:08:00Z","timestamp":1791299280362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the status of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by means of the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) overlying the myopic neovascular lesions in the involutive phase, looking for any correlations between the status of the RPE and the size of the lesions and the type and duration of the treatment. Methods: SD-OCT examinations of 83 consecutive patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were reviewed and divided into two groups: group A, patients with CNV characterized by uniformity of the overlying RPE, and group B, patients with CNV characterized by non-uniformity of the overlying RPE. Results: The median lesion area, major diameter, and minimum diameter were, respectively, 0.42 mm2 (0.30\u20131.01 mm2), 0.76 mm2 (0.54\u20131.28 mm2), and 0.47 mm2 (0.63\u20130.77 mm2) in group A, and 1.60 mm2 (0.72\u20132.67 mm2), 1.76 mm2 (1.13\u20132.23 mm2), and 0.98 mm2 (0.65\u20131.33 mm2) in group B. These values were lower in group A than in group B (p &lt; 0.001). The number of treatments with a period free of disease recurrence for at least 6 months was greater (p &lt; 0.010) in group B (6.54 \u00b1 2.82) than in group A (3.67 \u00b1 2.08), and treatments include intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection, photodynamic therapy, or both. Conclusions: Our results showed that the size of myopic neovascular lesion influences the development of a uniform RPE above the lesion and therefore the disease prognosis. The presence of uniform RPE was found to be extremely important in the follow-up of patients with myopic CNV, as it influences the duration of the disease and the number of treatments required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"5023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["OCT Analysis of Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization: Correlation Analysis with Different Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5988-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Allegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Castelli Hospital, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Vezzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Castelli Hospital, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Borgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Castelli Hospital, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Castelli Hospital, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Tripepi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Stradiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8156-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Al\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Via Saint Bon 20, 20147 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Montesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry and Visual Sciences, University of London, London EC1 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario R.","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Castelli Hospital, Via Giuseppe Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, N.-K., Lai, C.-C., Chou, C.L., Chen, Y.-P., Chuang, L.-H., Chao, A.-N., Tseng, H.-J., Chang, C.-J., Wu, W.-C., and Chen, K.-J. (2013). Choroidal Thickness and Biometric Markers for the Screening of Lacquer Cracks in Patients with High Myopia. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053660"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. I. The posterior fundus","volume":"68","author":"Curtin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00461-5","article-title":"Myopic choroidal neovascularization: A 10-year follow-up","volume":"110","author":"Yoshida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199212020-00009","article-title":"Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia","volume":"12","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)90652-1","article-title":"A clinical study of the vascularity of senile disciform macular degeneration","volume":"75","author":"Teeters","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72951-4","article-title":"Biomicroscopic and histopathologic considerations regarding the feasibility of surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes","volume":"118","author":"Gass","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuroepithelium","volume":"63","author":"Gass","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030040784015","article-title":"Subretinal neovascularization. Natural history of an experimental model","volume":"100","author":"Ryan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1644","article-title":"The role of retinal pigment epithelium in the involution of subretinal neovascularization","volume":"27","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.148","article-title":"The expanded spectrum of focal choroidal excavation","volume":"129","author":"Margolis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118-21","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20111201-04","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the choroid in choroidal osteoma","volume":"42","author":"Haruta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318203c1ef","article-title":"Characteristic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of multifocal choroiditis","volume":"31","author":"Vance","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ea48ba","article-title":"Acquired Vitelliform Lesions: Correlation of clinical findings and multiple imaging analyses","volume":"31","author":"Freund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20101031-19","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Yehoshua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31823beb14","article-title":"Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Simultaneous indocyanine green angiography and eye-tracked spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.04.011","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of type 2 (classic) choroidal neovascularization: Optical coherence tomography, indocyanine green angiography, and fluorescein angiography","volume":"152","author":"Sulzbacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6617","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as an indicator of fluorescein angiography leakage from choroidal neovascularization","volume":"52","author":"Giani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5018","article-title":"Quantification of the therapeutic response of intraretinal, subretinal, and subpigment epithelial compartments in exudative AMD during anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"52","author":"Golbaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306465","article-title":"Effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injections on aqueous humour concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularisation","volume":"99","author":"Costagliola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4060-3","article-title":"Retinal pigmental epithelium elevation and external limiting membrane interruption in myopic choroidal neovascularization: Correlation with activity","volume":"256","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy (VIP) Study Group1234 (2001). Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia with verteporfin: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial\u2014VIP report No. 1. Ophthalmology, 108, 841\u2013852.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00544-9"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0604","article-title":"Sequence of Early Vascular Events after Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"44","author":"Michels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791012","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.791012","article-title":"Choroidal Morphologic and Vascular Features in Patients with Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization and Different Levels of Myopia Based on Image Binarization of Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3498-4","article-title":"Reduced-fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy plus ranibizumab for choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia","volume":"255","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.2.177","article-title":"Angiographic features after photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration and pathological myopia","volume":"87","author":"Parodi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.9.1086","article-title":"Histological findings of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes after photodynamic therapy","volume":"85","author":"Schnurrbusch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181bd2fe4","article-title":"Intravitreal anti-VEGF versus photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.08.008","article-title":"Two-year visual results for older Asian women treated with photodynamic therapy or bevacizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization","volume":"149","author":"Ikuno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/17\/5023\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:16:10Z","timestamp":1760141770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/17\/5023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11175023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11175023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}