{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:48:21Z","timestamp":1787312901454,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["374031971\u2013TRR 240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["374031971\u2013TRR 240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Objectives: To discriminate biopsy-proven myocarditis (chronic vs. healed myocarditis) and to differentiate from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). (2) Methods: A total of 259 consecutive patients (age 51 \u00b1 15 years; 28% female) who underwent both endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and CMR in the years 2008\u20132021 were evaluated. According to right-ventricular EMB results, patients were divided into either chronic (n = 130, 50%) or healed lymphocytic myocarditis (n = 60, 23%) or DCM (n = 69, 27%). The CMR protocol included functional, strain, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, T2w imaging, and T2 mapping. (3) Results: Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) was higher, and the indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV) was lower in myocarditis patients (chronic: 42%, median 96 mL\/m\u00b2; healed: 49%, 86 mL\/m\u00b2) compared to the DCM patients (31%, 120 mL\/m\u00b2), p &lt; 0.0001. Strain analysis demonstrated lower contractility in DCM patients vs. myocarditis patients, p &lt; 0.0001. Myocarditis patients demonstrated a higher LGE prevalence (68% chronic; 59% healed) than the DCM patients (45%), p = 0.01. Chronic myocarditis patients showed a higher myocardial edema prevalence and ratio (59%, median 1.3) than healed myocarditis (23%, 1.3) and DCM patients (13%, 1.0), p &lt; 0.0001. T2 mapping revealed elevated values more frequently in chronic (90%) than in healed (21%) myocarditis and DCM (23%), p &lt; 0.0001. T2 mapping yielded an AUC of 0.89 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 76%) in the discrimination of chronic from healed myocarditis and an AUC of 0.92 (sensitivity 86%, specificity 91%) in the discrimination of chronic myocarditis from DCM, both p &lt; 0.0001. (4) Conclusions: Multiparametric CMR imaging, including functional parameters, LGE and T2 mapping, may allow differentiation of chronic from healed myocarditis and DCM and therefore help to optimize patient management in this clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"5047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Using Multiparametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Phenotype and Differentiate Biopsy-Proven Chronic from Healed Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1705-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Krumm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan M.","family":"Brendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Klingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Liebermeisterstra\u00dfe 8, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin A. L.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Stra\u00dfe 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3450-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"K\u00fcbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Gr\u00e4ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1124-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meinrad","family":"Gawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Stra\u00dfe 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Greulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, Otfried-M\u00fcller-Stra\u00dfe 10, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichhorn, C., Greulich, S., Bucciarelli-Ducci, C., Sznitman, R., Kwong, R.Y., and Gr\u00e4ni, C. 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