{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:25:06Z","timestamp":1774484706708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Tianjin Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18JCYBJC92700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JCYBJC92700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Tianjin Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TJYXZDXK-029A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-029A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project","award":["18JCYBJC92700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JCYBJC92700"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-029A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-029A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is accumulating evidence indicating that inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The role of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the initiation and maintenance of AF has not yet been well characterized. The aim of our study is to investigate whether or not plasma MnSOD levels are associated with AF. Methods: We enrolled a total of 130 consecutive patients with AF as the case group (paroxysmal AF: 87, persistent AF: 43) and 58 patients without a history of AF as the control group after screening. Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters were collected. Plasma levels of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) and MnSOD were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. These data were compared between the different groups. The relationship between MnSOD and other parameters was assessed using Spearman correlation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of AF. The area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was constructed to explore the value of MnSOD in predicting the occurrence of AF. Results: The levels of MnSOD were the highest in the paroxysmal AF group, followed by the persistent AF group, and the lowest in the controls. Meanwhile, the levels in the paroxysmal AF group were significantly higher than those in the controls [322.84 (165.46, 547.61) vs. 201.83 (129.53, 301.93), p = 0.002], but no significant difference was found between the paroxysmal AF group and persistent AF group, as well as the persistent AF group and the controls. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly negative correlation between MnSOD levels and LAD (r = \u22120.232, p = 0.008) and a positive correlation between MnSOD levels and RDW-CV (r = 0.214, p = 0.014) in the case group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MnSOD levels [odds ratio (OR): 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001\u20131.005, p = 0.002] were an independent risk factor for paroxysmal AF, and the best cut-off value of MnSOD in predicting paroxysmal AF gained by ROC curve analysis was 311.49 ug\/mL (sensitivity of 52.9%, specificity of 77.6%, AUC = 0.668). Conclusion: Oxidative stress underlies the pathogenesis of AF and may play a stronger role in paroxysmal AF than persistent AF. Our study showed an independent association between increased circulating plasma MnSOD levels and the occurrence of paroxysmal AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T01:50:51Z","timestamp":1661997051000},"page":"5131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Manganese Superoxide Dismutase as a Novel Oxidative Stress Biomarker for Predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20142018 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the Special Contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht024","article-title":"Biomarkers in atrial fibrillation: A clinical review","volume":"34","author":"Hijazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.063","article-title":"Inflammation in atrial fibrillation","volume":"60","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12304","article-title":"Biomarkers in atrial fibrillation: An overview","volume":"68","author":"Lip","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.04.026","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"115","author":"Korantzopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387176","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/387176","article-title":"The role of manganese superoxide dismutase in inflammation defense","volume":"2011","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enzym. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, N.Y., Chun, D.H., Kim, S.Y., Kim, N.K., Baik, S.H., Hong, J.H., Kim, K.S., and Shin, C.S. (2019). Prognostic Value of Systemic Inflammatory Indices, NLR, PLR, and MPV, for Predicting 1-Year Survival of Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery with HIPEC. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050589"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319719845186","article-title":"Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"70","author":"Kurtul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9237","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27028","article-title":"Monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"233","author":"Ganjali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580","article-title":"Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine","volume":"16","author":"Cockcroft","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.107.754564","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: Mechanisms and implications","volume":"1","author":"Nattel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.012","article-title":"Prevention of Pathological Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180903144042","article-title":"Mechanisms and Treatments of Oxidative Stress in Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"24","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00313","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Link with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Tse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1500696","article-title":"Oxidative stress and atrial fibrillation: An update","volume":"52","author":"Korantzopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00905-X","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase multigene family: A comparison of the CuZn-SOD (SOD1), Mn-SOD (SOD2), and EC-SOD (SOD3) gene structures, evolution, and expression","volume":"33","author":"Zelko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"RA225","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and electrical remodeling: The potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Korantzopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2003.03070.x","article-title":"Molecular basis of atrial fibrillation: A dream or a reality?","volume":"14","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00234.x","article-title":"Electrophysiological remodeling in human atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)90153-8","article-title":"Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase promotes cellular differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Oberley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35927-1","article-title":"Human Mn-superoxide dismutase in pulmonary epithelial cells of transgenic mice confers protection from oxygen injury","volume":"267","author":"Warner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"119","article-title":"Estimation of Oxidative Stress Involvement by Superoxide Dismutase Variation in Cardiac Arrhythmias","volume":"43","author":"Pisoschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Health Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2015.504","article-title":"Serum levels of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 are associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/17\/5131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:20:50Z","timestamp":1760142050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/17\/5131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11175131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11175131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]}}}