{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:28Z","timestamp":1787028628177,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca (MIUR)\u2014PON-AIM Line 1","award":["AIM1892002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIM1892002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse reaction, mainly due to bone-modifying agents (BMA), and it is a potentially painful and debilitating condition. To date, the literature has reported a 90% rate of successful outcomes for MRONJ patients undergoing surgical treatment. Particularly for patients with advanced disease stages who are unsuitable for surgery, prolonged medical treatment is required, with a consequent risk of the overuse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ozone, via oral mucosal infiltrations, in seven cancer patients with MRONJ, who are not eligible for surgery. The protocol (OZOPROMAF) consists of intratissue injections of an oxygen ozone (O2O3) mixture, which is applied until formation of a sequestrum and clinical healing. Follow-up was scheduled to confirm the healing of MRONJ and radiological evaluations by CBCT were planned. In order to assess the level of pain, a questionnaire including the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain) was administered on the first visit, one day after treatment, and one week after treatment. After an application of OZOPROMAF, all patients reported discomfort for some hours, probably due to soft tissue pressure around the infiltration site. Thereafter, the discomfort subsided within 6\u20138 h. Complete mucosal healing of MRONJ occurred within a number of cycles ranging from 7 to 16. Complete resolution with an improvement in bone condition was observed in all patients. The MRONJ lesions of all patients healed after 18\u201324 months. The authors of this study contend that these preliminary results suggest the efficiency and safety of the O2O3 mixture. However, further research is required to confirm the efficacy of the O2O3 mixtures in MRONJ treatment, at least for patients who are unsuitable for surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1662699281000},"page":"5307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Ozone Infiltration for Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Therapy: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5562-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Di Fede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Del Gaizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-6020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Panzarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"La Mantia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8453-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Tozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Stomatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti \u201cVilla Sofia-Cervello\u201d of Palermo, Piazza Salerno, 1, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Di Grigoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Via Accardo 4, 90145 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lo Casto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic Department, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4008-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Mauceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9443-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Dentistry for Fragile Patients, Department of Rehabilitation, Fragility and Continuity of Care, University Hospital Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedogni, A., Campisi, G., and Fusco, V. 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