{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1790803264651,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) for the treatment of refractory multiple and recurrent chalazia without surgery or curettage. This was a retrospective controlled study. Patients with multiple and recurrent chalazia, who had performed the conventional treatment at least 2 months without any surgery or curettage, were enrolled in this study. Twenty-nine consecutive multiple recurrent chalazia (12 patients) were assigned to receive either the combination of IPL and MGX or MGX alone as a control. Each eye underwent one to four treatment sessions with 2-week intervals. Parameters were evaluated before and 1 month after the final treatment session. Clinical assessments included symptom, size of each chalazion, lid margin abnormalities, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, meibum grade, the number of Demodex mites, the Schirmer value and meiboscore. All parameters except meiboscore and the Schirmer value were significantly improved with IPL-MGX therapy, whereas only meibum grade was significantly improved with MGX alone. There were no adverse events which occurred in either group. IPL-MGX was safe and effective for multiple and recurrent chalazia without surgery or curettage by reducing the size of chalazion and improving lid margin abnormalities and meibum grade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"5338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Intense Pulsed Light for Refractive Multiple Recurrent Chalazia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Arita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Itoh Clinic, Saitama 3370042, Japan"},{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group, Saitama 3370042, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8453-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lid and Meibomian Gland Working Group, Saitama 3370042, Japan"},{"name":"Omiya Hamada Eye Clinic, Omiya, Saitama 3300854, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35250-0","article-title":"Conservative treatment of chalazia","volume":"87","author":"Perry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gary, A., and Jordan, K.B. 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