{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:41:37Z","timestamp":1760244097394,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty is currently being investigated as a possible therapeutic procedure for fracture stabilization in high-risk patients, primarily in patients with bone metastases or osteoporosis. For these patients, a percutaneous approach, if structurally sound, can provide a viable method for treating bone fractures without the physiologic stress of anesthesia and open surgery. However, the low strength of fixation is a common limitation that requires further refinement in scaffold design and selection of materials, and may potentially benefit from tissue-engineering-based regenerative approaches. Scaffolds that have tissue regenerative properties and low inflammatory response promote rapid healing at the fracture site and are ideal for percutaneous applications. On the other hand, preclinical mechanical tests of fracture-repaired specimens provide key information on restoration strength and long-term stability and enable further design optimization. This review presents an overview of percutaneous-reinforced osteoplasty, emerging treatment strategies for bone repair, and basic concepts of in vitro mechanical characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1663881005000},"page":"5572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Percutaneous-Reinforced Osteoplasty: A Review of Emerging Treatment Strategies for Bone Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nischal","family":"Koirala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyotsna","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"McLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e062","article-title":"The global burden of musculoskeletal injury in low and lower-middle income countries","volume":"3","author":"Cordero","year":"2020","journal-title":"OTA Int. 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