{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:58:22Z","timestamp":1790693902436,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an accepted therapy for the treatment of refractory forms of epilepsy and depression. The brain\u2013gut axis is increasingly being studied as a possible etiological factor of chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A significant percentage of IBD patients lose response to treatments or experience side effects. In this perspective, VNS has shown the first efficacy data. The aim of this narrative review is to underline the biological plausibility of the use of VNS in patients affected by IBD, collect all clinical data in the literature, and hypothesize a target IBD population on which to focus the next clinical study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T01:51:49Z","timestamp":1664329909000},"page":"5690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Vagus Nerve Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Fornaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore Della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Clemente","family":"Actis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Center Practice Office, 10100 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0529-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Paolo","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demis","family":"Pitoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Giuseppe","family":"Ribaldone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"383","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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