{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:22:30Z","timestamp":1780726950707,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common inborn error of immunity. The exact prevalence and pathogenesis of allergy in SIgAD have not yet been defined. We aimed to describe the prevalence and the characteristics of allergy in pediatric SIgAD subjects, evaluate the association between allergy and other comorbidities, and define the immune phenotype of allergic and non-allergic patients. Methods: Clinical and immunological data from 67 SIgAD patients were collected over a 13-year period at a single center. Patients\u2019 characteristics were analyzed according to the presence of allergy. Results: Allergy was diagnosed in 34% of SIgAD patients, with a median age at allergy diagnosis of 8 years. Allergy was the second-most-common clinical manifestation, following recurrent respiratory infections. Among the allergic group, 74% had rhinitis, 30% asthma, 30% atopic dermatitis, and 22% food allergy; one out of three had more than one allergic manifestation. SIgAD patients showed more frequent transitory lymphopenia and a lower count of CD19+ at diagnosis than at last FU. However, compared to non-allergic subjects, allergic patients did not differ in their immune phenotype, number and severity of infections, or increased autoimmunity. Conclusions: In our longitudinal study, compared to non-allergic SIgAD patients, those with allergies did not present a more severe immune defect or complex clinical phenotype. However, evaluation and early identification of allergy in the context of SIgAD assessment, both at diagnosis and during FU, and definition of a proper management are important to prevent complications and improve the patient\u2019s quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T01:51:49Z","timestamp":1664329909000},"page":"5705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Allergic Phenotype of Children and Adolescents with Selective IgA Deficiency: A Longitudinal Monocentric Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Cinicola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5059-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Brindisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Capponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Loffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Anania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Spalice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Milito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Duse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3328-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Quinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Regional Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Pulvirenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Regional Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Zicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2004.01311.x","article-title":"Gender, Age and Seasonal Effects on IgA Deficiency: A Study of 7293 Caucasians","volume":"34","author":"Kotanko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-009-9357-x","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"30","author":"Yel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1081565","article-title":"Clinical Phenotype Classification for Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Yazdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2021, December 06). ESID\u2014European Society for Immunodeficiencies. Available online: https:\/\/esid.org\/Education\/Diagnostic-Criteria-PID."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.049","article-title":"Practice Parameter for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Immunodeficiency","volume":"136","author":"Bonilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12499","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Phenotype, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management","volume":"85","author":"Yazdani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058738418779458","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738418779458","article-title":"Familial Inheritance and Screening of First-Degree Relatives in Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Patients","volume":"32","author":"Karaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000135694","article-title":"Progression of Selective IgA Deficiency to Common Variable Immunodeficiency","volume":"147","author":"Aghamohammadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1877","article-title":"The Function of Immunoglobulin A in Immunity","volume":"208","author":"Woof","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1159\/000499044","article-title":"The Heterogeneous Pathogenesis of Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency","volume":"179","author":"Bagheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012241117984","article-title":"Physiology of IgA and IgA Deficiency","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2019.100025","article-title":"The Clinical Implications of Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"2","author":"Swain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morawska, I., Kurkowska, S., B\u0119bnowska, D., Hrynkiewicz, R., Becht, R., Michalski, A., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Birkenfeld, B., Za\u0142uska-Ogryzek, K., and Grywalska, E. (2021). The Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of Atopic Diseases in Selective IgA Deficiency. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173809"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9229-9","article-title":"IgA Deficiency: Correlation between Clinical and Immunological Phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Aghamohammadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12828","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12828","article-title":"Respiratory and Allergic Disorders in Children with Severe and Partial Immunoglobulin A Immunodeficiency","volume":"90","author":"Lipej","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.05.014","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency in Early Life: Association to Infections and Allergic Diseases during Childhood","volume":"133","author":"Janzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9858-x","article-title":"Clinical Symptoms in Adults with Selective IgA Deficiency: A Case-Control Study","volume":"33","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinicola, B.L., Pulvirenti, F., Capponi, M., Bonetti, M., Brindisi, G., Gori, A., De Castro, G., Anania, C., Duse, M., and Zicari, A.M. (2022). Selective IgA Deficiency and Allergy: A Fresh Look to an Old Story. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58010129"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00553","article-title":"IgA and Fc\u03b1RI: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Breedveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2731","article-title":"Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Asthma","volume":"18","author":"Holgate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200423595","article-title":"Tregs and Allergic Disease","volume":"114","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00228801","article-title":"Lung Mucosal Immunity: Immunoglobulin-A Revisited","volume":"18","author":"Pilette","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02589.x","article-title":"Immunological Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy","volume":"66","author":"Jutel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01021.x","article-title":"Allergens and Their Role in the Allergic Immune Response","volume":"242","author":"Woodfolk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-003-0045-2","article-title":"Relationships between Atopy and Bacterial Infections","volume":"3","author":"Mucha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.024","article-title":"Risks for Infection in Patients with Asthma (or Other Atopic Conditions): Is Asthma More than a Chronic Airway Disease?","volume":"134","author":"Juhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00851.x","article-title":"Allergy and Infection: Understanding Their Relationship","volume":"60","author":"Custovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1605-50","article-title":"Allergic and Autoimmune Disorders in Families with Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"47","author":"Metin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"54","article-title":"Allergy in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Delavari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Genet. J."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2022, August 11). 2022 GINA Main Report. Available online: https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/gina-reports\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5414\/ALX02120E","article-title":"ARIA Guideline 2019: Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in the German Health System","volume":"3","author":"Klimek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol. Sel."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12429","article-title":"EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergy","volume":"69","author":"Muraro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2022, August 11). Diagnostic Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis\u2014Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. Available online: https:\/\/ijdvl.com\/diagnostic-clinical-features-of-atopic-dermatitis\/."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04756.x","article-title":"Position Paper: Allergen Standardization and Skin Tests. The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology","volume":"48","author":"Dreborg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"e2021525","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis and Atopic March: Which Link?","volume":"92","author":"Maiello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3248-1","article-title":"Follow-up and Outcome of Symptomatic Partial or Absolute IgA Deficiency in Children","volume":"178","author":"Moschese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00647-y","article-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Features of 184 Italian Pediatric Patients Affected with Selective IgA Deficiency (SIgAD): A Longitudinal Single-Center Study","volume":"39","author":"Lougaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2003.12.005","article-title":"IgA Deficiency: Clinical Correlates and Responses to Pneumococcal Vaccine","volume":"111","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441577","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency: Clinical and Immunological Evaluation of 50 Pediatric Patients","volume":"133","author":"Burgio","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01157.x","article-title":"Pediatric allergy and immunology in Italy","volume":"22","author":"Tozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9702-3","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency: Clinical and Laboratory Features of 118 Children in Turkey","volume":"32","author":"Aytekin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9438-x","article-title":"Selective IgA Deficiency in Children in Israel","volume":"30","author":"Shkalim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11952.x","article-title":"Clinical Manifestations in Selective IgA Deficiency in Childhood. A Follow-up Report","volume":"80","author":"Weemaes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1159\/000234261","article-title":"Comparison of the Frequency of Atopic Diseases in Children with Severe and Partial IgA Deficiency","volume":"82","author":"Plebani","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"e2020011","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"91","author":"Galli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2017.38.4018","article-title":"Prevalence of Dermatologic Diseases among Patients with Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency","volume":"38","author":"Magen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"369","article-title":"Burden of Skin Disease in Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency","volume":"25","author":"Gualdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-022-00710-1","article-title":"Prevalence of reported food allergies in Brazilian preschoolers living in a small Brazilian city","volume":"18","author":"Antunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2019.11.1.4","article-title":"Mechanisms by Which Atopic Dermatitis Predisposes to Food Allergy and the Atopic March","volume":"11","author":"Tham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.01.003","article-title":"Report from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Workshop on \u201cAtopic Dermatitis and the Atopic March: Mechanisms and Interventions\u201d","volume":"143","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13823","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13823","article-title":"Biomarkers in Asthma in the Context of Atopic Dermatitis in Young Children","volume":"33","author":"Basu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00316.x","article-title":"Bronchial Hyper-Responsiveness in Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Severe Asthma Is Associated with Worsening of COVID-19 through Respiratory NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"77","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.016","article-title":"Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases as Unrecognized Causes of Chronic Respiratory Disease","volume":"132","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"e8","article-title":"When Asthma and Rhinitis Coexist, Could Rhinitis Reduce Asthma Control in Children?","volume":"40","author":"Pacilio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.07.007","article-title":"Respiratory Tract Infections and Asthma Control in Children","volume":"108","author":"Uiterwaal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"112","article-title":"Autoimmunity in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Abolhassani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1159\/000323903","article-title":"Analysis of Switched Memory B Cells in Patients with IgA Deficiency","volume":"156","author":"Aghamohammadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1130","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1130","article-title":"Defective Formation of IgA Memory B Cells, Th1 and Th17 Cells in Symptomatic Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"9","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9655-6","article-title":"B-Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients with Selective IgA Deficiency","volume":"32","author":"Nechvatalova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/19\/5705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:16Z","timestamp":1760143216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/19\/5705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11195705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11195705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]}}}