{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:15:27Z","timestamp":1790712927336,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ME5413\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ME5413\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZA428\/18-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZA428\/18-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ME5413\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ME5413\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZA428\/18-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZA428\/18-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis and septic shock are a major public health concern and are still associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Whilst there is growing understanding of different phenotypes and endotypes of sepsis, all too often treatment strategies still only employ a \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d approach. Biomarkers offer a unique opportunity to close this gap to more precise treatment approaches by providing insight into clinically hidden, yet complex, pathophysiology, or by individualizing treatment pathways. Predicting and evaluating systemic inflammation, sepsis or septic shock are essential to improve outcomes for these patients. Besides opportunities to improve patient care, employing biomarkers offers a unique opportunity to improve clinical research in patients with sepsis. The high rate of negative clinical trials in this field may partly be explained by a high degree of heterogeneity in patient cohorts and a lack of understanding of specific endotypes or phenotypes. Moving forward, biomarkers can support the selection of more homogeneous cohorts, thereby potentially improving study conditions of clinical trials. This may finally pave the way to a precision medicine approach to sepsis, septic shock and complication of sepsis in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"5782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Biomarkers for the Prediction and Judgement of Sepsis and Sepsis Complications: A Step towards precision medicine?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Thilo","family":"von Groote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Meersch-Dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis\u2014Current estimates and limitations","volume":"193","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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