{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T10:41:26Z","timestamp":1780742486866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: Endoscopic management by endoscopic sphincterotomy with or without plastic stents or fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMSs) is widely accepted as the current standard of care for postoperative bile leaks. Biliary stents are placed across the papilla, not above the papilla. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of the bridge-and-seal technique for bile leaks by the placement of FCSEMS above the papilla. Methods: This was a retrospective study of FCSEMS placement above the papilla for bile leaks between October 2016 and July 2021. FCSEMS was placed above the papilla to bridge and seal the leak. The main outcome measures were the resolution of bile leaks and adverse events. Results: Seven patients with postoperative bile leaks underwent FCSEMS above the papilla. The locations of bile leaks were 1 cystic duct remnant; 2 intrahepatic bile duct; 1 hepatic duct; 2 common bile duct and 1 anastomosis. The technical success rate of FCSEMS placement was 100%, and resolution of bile leaks was achieved in five patients (71.4%). All the adverse events were observed after FCSEMS removal; as follows: 1 moderate cholangitis; 2 mild post-ERCP pancreatitis; and 1 mild remnant cholecystitis. Conclusions: FCSEMS placement above the papilla can be a treatment option for postoperative bile leaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"6019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Endoscopic Bridge-and-Seal of Bile Leaks Using a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stent above the Papilla"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0464-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshiro","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousuke","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suguru","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama 350-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensaku","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Hakuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunaga","family":"Ishigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naminatsu","family":"Takahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Kogure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Fujishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70270-0","article-title":"Postcholecystectomy biliary leaks in the laparoscopic era: Risk factors, presentation, and management. 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