{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:39:35Z","timestamp":1792226375382,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Among patients with celiac disease (CD), there is an increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs), with hypothyroidism being more frequent than hyperthyroidism. This retrospective case-control study aimed to explore the prevalence of TDs in a population of adult celiac patients from Northern Sardinia, a geographic area with a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. Methods. Data were collected from consecutive patients with CD (cases) and without CD (controls) who were undergoing upper endoscopy and referred to a tertiary gastroenterology section of a teaching hospital (University of Sassari, Italy). Thyroid disorders were stratified as (i) autoimmune: including Hashimoto\u2019s disease in euthyroidism or with hypofunction, and Graves\u2019 disease; or (ii) non-autoimmune: thyroid nodules\/goiter, iatrogenic thyroid hypo\/hyperfunction, and thyroidectomy for any reason, including cancer. Results. Among a total of 8489 participants (females 5839, 64.7%) enrolled, there were 623 (7.3%) celiac patients and 7866 controls (92.7%). The overall frequency of TDs was 1177 (13.9%) and was higher (26.0%) in celiac patients than in controls (12.9%) (p &lt; 0.001). The difference between AITDs (15.4% vs. 7.5%) and no-AITDs (2.7% vs. 1.1%) was statistically significant in CD patients compared with controls, respectively, and prevailed in the fifth and sixth decades. Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis was more commonly associated with gland hypofunction. Odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the presence of AITDs were calculated, adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits, occupation, and residence, and they were 2.387 (95% CI 1.857\u20133.068, p &lt; 0.001) in CD patients, 5.855 (95% CI 4.434\u20137.731, p &lt; 0.001) for female sex, and 1.012 (95% CI, 1.007\u20131.017, p &lt; 0.001) for age. Conclusion. These results suggest the need for surveillance for TDs in patients with CD at onset and during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"6027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders Are More Prevalent in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pina","family":"Dore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza Blvd. Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fanciulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Rouatbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Mereu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Mario","family":"Pes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Clinica Medica, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.044","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"135","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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