{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:23:51Z","timestamp":1768465431184,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Government, Veneto, Italy"},{"name":"Contract Research Organization Aleph srl (Milan, Italy)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The best timing for endotracheal intubation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) remains debated. Aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hARF receiving either a trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or intubated with no prior attempt of NIV (\u201cstraight intubation\u201d). All consecutive patients admitted to the 25 participating ICUs were included and divided in two groups: the \u201cstraight intubation\u201d group and the \u201cNIV\u201d group. A propensity score matching was performed to correct for biases associated with the choice of the respiratory support. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and reintubation rate. A total of 704 COVID-19 patients were admitted to ICUs during the study period. After matching, 141 patients were included in each group. No clinically relevant difference at ICU admission was found between groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the NIV group (22.0% vs. 36.2%), with no significant difference in secondary endpoints. There was no significant mortality difference between patients who received straight intubation and those intubated after NIV failure. In COVID-19 patients with hARF it is worth and safe attempting a trial of NIV prior to intubation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T02:29:46Z","timestamp":1665973786000},"page":"6063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Severe Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure: Non-Invasive Ventilation vs. Straight Intubation\u2014A Propensity Score-Matched Multicenter Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Pasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University School of Medicine, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6745-8919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Pettenuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"De Cassai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Boscolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Sella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University School of Medicine, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Lorenzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University School of Medicine, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Geraldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8806-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Pistollato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University School of Medicine, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito Marco","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Policlinico di Sant\u2019Orsola, Alma Mater Studiorum-Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Landoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7477-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Rosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services, Regional Department, AULSS 3, 30174 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3733-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Navalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padua University School of Medicine, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"COVID-19 VENETO ICU Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5683.20.05356-6","article-title":"Early versus late tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients: A \u201cpros\/cons\u201d debate also considering heart-lung interactions","volume":"69","author":"Cabrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Cardiol. Angiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15054","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anaesthetists","volume":"75","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50889","article-title":"Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group","volume":"214","author":"Brewster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. J. 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