{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1788797467049,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It has been estimated that between 30 and 50 per cent of all injuries that take place throughout participation in a sport are the consequence of soft tissue injuries, and muscle injuries are the primary cause of physical disability. Methods: The current literature review was designed between October 2021 and April 2022, according to the PRISMA standards, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. At the screening stage, we eliminated articles that did not fit into the themes developed in all subchapters of the study (n = 70), articles that dealt exclusively with orthopaedics (n = 34), 29 articles because the articles had only the abstract visible, and 17 articles that dealt exclusively with other techniques for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The initial search revealed 343 titles in the databases, from which 56 duplicate articles were automatically removed, and 2 were added from other sources. Results: The combination of these three techniques results in the following advantages: It increases joint mobility, especially in stiff joints, it increases the range of motion, accelerates tissue repair, improves tissue stability, and extensibility, and it reduces soft tissue inflammation (manual therapy). In addition, it decreases the concentration of pro-inflammatory mediators and improves capillary permeability, resulting in the total eradication of inflammation (HILT). It warms the deep tissues, stimulates vascularity, promotes the repose of tissues (particularly muscle tissue), and stimulates drainage (TECAR). Conclusions: TECAR therapy, combined with manual therapy and High-Intensity Laser therapy in treating muscle diseases, presented optimal collaboration in the recovery process of all muscle diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1666148065000},"page":"6149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["TECAR Therapy Associated with High-Intensity Laser Therapy (Hilt) and Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Muscle Disorders: A Literature Review on the Theorised Effects Supporting Their Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-212X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Alexandru","family":"Szabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department ME1, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolae","family":"Neagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Teodorescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Doctoral Studies, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Predescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Motor and Rehabilitation Medicine, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan Sabin","family":"Sopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Physics, Physical Education and Sports, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Panait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Doctoral Studies, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.8","article-title":"Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries","volume":"6","author":"Nas","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, T.S., Landry, M.D., and Hoenig, H. (2019). Global need for physical rehabilitation: Systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201901.0060.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20172859","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2859","article-title":"Unmet rehabilitation needs after hospitalisation for traumatic brain injury","volume":"141","author":"Fuentes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1422036","article-title":"Needs and unmet needs for rehabilitation services: A scoping review","volume":"41","author":"Kamenov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bright, T., Wallace, S., and Kuper, H. (2018). A systematic review of access to rehabilitation for people with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102165"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395879","article-title":"Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer)","volume":"39","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0116","article-title":"A conceptual framework for a sports knee injury performance profle (SKIPP) and return to activity criteria (RTAC)","volume":"19","author":"Logerstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-013-0010-4","article-title":"Complications of muscle injuries","volume":"16","author":"Alessandrino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, K., Sun, F., Trudel, G., Sebastiani, P., and Laneuville, O. (2015). Temporal gene expression profiling of the rat knee joint capsule during immobilisation-induced joint contractures. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0588-0"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3793","article-title":"Quadriceps activation failure after anterior cruciate ligament rupture is not mediated by knee joint effusion","volume":"42","author":"Lynch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9915-y","article-title":"Skeletal muscle: A brief review of structure and function","volume":"96","author":"Frontera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.04.004","article-title":"Muscular dystrophies and other genetic myopathies","volume":"31","author":"Shieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091448","article-title":"Terminology and classification of muscle injuries in sport: The Munich consensus statement","volume":"47","author":"Haensel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095559","article-title":"Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015","volume":"50","author":"Edouard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Bordoni, B., Sugumar, K., and Varacallo, M. (2021). Muscle Cramps, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"245","article-title":"Current conservative treatment and management strategies of skeletal muscle injuries","volume":"154","author":"Hotfiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Z. Orthop. Und Unf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113480934","article-title":"Muscle injuries in athletes: Enhancing recovery through scientific understanding and novel therapies","volume":"5","author":"Delos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.03.012","article-title":"Evaluation of human muscle hardness after dynamic exercise with ultrasound real-time tissue elastography: A feasibility study","volume":"66","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1044224","article-title":"Effects of cyclic static stretch on fatigue recovery of triceps surae in female basketball players","volume":"30","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"473963","article-title":"Hydrotherapy for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.7.4.357","article-title":"Effects of water immersion on post training recovery in Australian footballers","volume":"7","author":"Elias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090061","article-title":"Cold water immersion and recovery from strenuous exercise: A meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Leeder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1684-3","article-title":"Tri-length laser therapy associated to TECAR therapy in the treatment of low-back pain in adults: A preliminary report of a prospective case series","volume":"30","author":"Osti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2011.04.007","article-title":"Influence of heat on fatigue and electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii muscle","volume":"15","author":"Pereira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.2901","article-title":"Predictive factors for the outcome of multidisciplinary treatments in chronic low back pain at the first multidisciplinary pain center of Japan","volume":"27","author":"Hayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1472-5","article-title":"Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: A randomised blinded placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Alayat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.03.019","article-title":"An updated overview of clinical guidelines for chronic low back pain management in primary care","volume":"79","author":"Pillastrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1159\/000366375","article-title":"Electric stimulation at 448 kHz promotes proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"34","author":"Trillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2012.750016","article-title":"Repressive effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRet) hyperthermic apparatus combined with provitamin C on intracellular lipid-droplets formation in adipocytes","volume":"29","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6697574","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6697574","article-title":"Electrical Stimulation Promotes Stem Cell Neural Differentiation in Tissue Engineering","volume":"2021","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2018.1472948","article-title":"Credibility of manual therapy is at stake \u201cWhere do we go from here?\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Oostendorp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Man Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2017.1272817","article-title":"Is orthopedic manipulative physical therapy not fashionable anymore? Lessons learned from 2016 IFOMPT meeting and future directions","volume":"25","author":"Reid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Man Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babatunde, O.O., Jordan, J.L., Van der Windt, D.A., Hill, J.C., Foster, N.E., and Protheroe, J. (2017). Effective treatment options for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: A systematic overview of current evidence. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178621"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.3197","article-title":"The effects of high intensity laser therapy on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2013.08","article-title":"High power laser therapy treatment compared to simple segmental physical rehabilitation in whiplash injuries (1\u00b0 and 2\u00b0 grade of the Quebec Task Force classification) involving muscles and ligaments","volume":"3","author":"Conforti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2019.13","article-title":"The effects of photo-biomodulation therapy on post-surgical pain","volume":"10","author":"Ezzati","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1742","article-title":"High-intensity laser therapy versus pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"29","author":"Thabet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.570","article-title":"Effect of pulsed high intensity laser therapy on delayed caesarean section healing in diabetic women","volume":"30","author":"Thabet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1963-2","article-title":"Short-term effects of high-intensity laser therapy, manual therapy, and Kinesio taping in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Pekyavas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2497-6","article-title":"The effect of high-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Ordahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S168094","article-title":"Photo-biomodulation using high\u2014Or low-level laser irradiations in patients with lumbar disc degenerative changes: Disappointing outcomes and remarks","volume":"13","author":"Taradaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13126","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013126","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"97","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1073","article-title":"The effectiveness of conservative treatment for patients with cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Thoomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1529-0","article-title":"High-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Kheshie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3667","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic duration of therapeutic ultrasound in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304328","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/304328","article-title":"Comparison of high-intensity laser therapy and ultrasound treatment in the patients with lumbar discopathy","volume":"2015","author":"Boyraz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ska, P., Nicpo\u0144, J., Kie\u0142bowicz, Z., Soroko, M., Dudek, K., and Zaborski, D. (2020). Effects of high intensity laser therapy in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in performance horses. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081327"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2020.14","article-title":"The beneficial effects of high-intensity laser therapy and co-interventions on musculoskeletal pain management: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ezzati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350281","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1350281","article-title":"A randomised comparative study between high-intensity and low-level laser therapy in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain","volume":"2020","author":"Abdelbasset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrino, R., Paolucci, T., Brindisino, F., Mondardini, P., Di Iorio, A., Moretti, A., and Iolascon, G. (2022). Effectiveness of High-Intensity Laser Therapy Plus Ultrasound-Guided Peritendinous Hyaluronic Acid Compared to Therapeutic Exercise for Patients with Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195492"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1352-z","article-title":"Efficacy of high\u2014And low-level laser therapy in the treatment of Bell\u2019s palsy: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Alayat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4292","article-title":"Efficacy of multiwave locked system laser on pain and function in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Alayat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2141-x","article-title":"Efficacy of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Alayat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4419","article-title":"Effect of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy on pain, adhesions, and quality of life in women having endometriosis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Thabet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tkocz, P., Matusz, T., Kosowski, \u0141., Walewicz, K., Argier, \u0141., Kuszewski, M., Hagner-Derengowska, M., Ptaszkowski, K., Dymarek, R., and Taradaj, J. (2021). A Randomised-Controlled Clinical Study Examining the Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on the Management of Painful Calcaneal Spur with Plantar Fasciitis. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214891"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1675","article-title":"Efficacy of high intensity laser therapy in the treatment of male with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Alayat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2013.3533","article-title":"Effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of neuropathic foot ulcers in children with spina bifida: A randomised controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Ebid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4425","article-title":"Efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy in treating knee osteoarthritis: A first systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Wyszynska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00068","DOI":"10.15406\/mojor.2015.02.00068","article-title":"The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain","volume":"2","author":"Cotler","year":"2015","journal-title":"MOJ Orthop. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"357","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on pain intensity after lower third molar extraction","volume":"12","author":"Tortorici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2928","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"516","article-title":"The mechanistic basis for photo-biomodulation therapy of neuropathic pain by near infrared laser light","volume":"49","author":"Holanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"932","article-title":"Characterization of macrophage\/microglial activation and effect of photo-biomodulation in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain","volume":"18","author":"Ketz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.33.695","article-title":"Pulsed high-intensity laser therapy versus low level laser therapy in the management of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"33","author":"Thabet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2017.1358249","article-title":"The future of orthopedic manual therapy: What are we missing?","volume":"25","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Man Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2017.1309344","article-title":"Manual physical therapy for chronic pain: The complex whole is greater than the sum of its parts","volume":"25","author":"Coronado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Man Manip. Ther."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.05.020","article-title":"Effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners: A randomised controlled crossover trial","volume":"32","author":"Arrieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.65.2.156","article-title":"Analgesic effects of a capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency in patients with myofascial chronic neck pain: A pilot randomised controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Diego","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz, J., L\u00f3pez-De-Celis, C., Hidalgo-Garc\u00eda, C., Canet-Vintr\u00f3, M., Fanlo-Mazas, P., and P\u00e9rez-Bellmunt, A. (2021). Temperature and current flow effects of different electrode placement in shoulder capacitive-resistive electric transfer applications: A cadaveric study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03918-7"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, L.D.S.-D., Sanchez, C.T., Mat\u00e9-Mu\u00f1oz, J.L., Hern\u00e1ndez-Lougedo, J., Barba, M., Lozano-Estevan, M.D.C., Garnacho-Casta\u00f1o, M.V., and Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez, P. (2021). Application of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer in Physiotherapeutic Clinical Practice and Sports. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312446"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000435","article-title":"Capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in rehabilitation: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Beltrame","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Rehabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, M., Sato, S., Kiyono, R., Yahata, K., Yoshida, R., Kasahara, K., and Konrad, A. (2022). The Effect of Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer Intervention on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Eccentric Exercise. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095723"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-De-Celis, C., Hidalgo-Garc\u00eda, C., P\u00e9rez-Bellmunt, A., Fanlo-Mazas, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rueda, V., Tric\u00e1s-Moreno, J.M., Ortiz, S., and Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz, J. (2020). Thermal and non-thermal effects off capacitive-resistive electric transfer application on the Achilles tendon and musculotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius muscle: A cadaveric study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3072-4"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0294","article-title":"Comparison of muscle temperature increases produced by moist hot pack and ThermoStim probe","volume":"28","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rh.2020.01.008","article-title":"Transferencia el\u00e9ctrica capacitiva y resistiva para mitigar el dolor [Capacitive and resistive electrical transfer for pain mitigation]","volume":"54","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rehabilitacion"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2017.1289252","article-title":"Effect of capacitive and resistive electric transfer on haemoglobin saturation and tissue temperature","volume":"33","author":"Tashiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bule, M.L., Trillo, M.\u00c1., and \u00dabeda, A. (2014). Molecular mechanisms underlying antiproliferative and differentiating responses of hepatocarcinoma cells to subthermal electric stimulation. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084636"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0176-8","article-title":"Electrical stimulation as a novel tool for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300060519883090","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519883090","article-title":"Effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in patients with painful shoulder impingement syndrome: A comparative study","volume":"48","author":"Paolucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15368378.2019.1567525","article-title":"Acute effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer (CRet) on the Achilles tendon","volume":"38","author":"Bito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Wostyn, V. (2015). La Tecarth\u00e9rapie Appliqu\u00e9e a la Kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie: Evaluation de Leffet Antalgique Imm\u00e9diat, Institut de Formation on Masso-Kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2019.0165","article-title":"Does the application of TECAR therapy affect temperature and perfusion of skin and muscle microcirculation? A pilot feasibility study on healthy subjects","volume":"26","author":"Clijsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-de-Celis, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Sanz, J., Hidalgo-Garc\u00eda, C., Cede\u00f1o-Berm\u00fadez, S.A., Zegarra-Ch\u00e1vez, D., Fanlo-Mazas, P., and P\u00e9rez-Bellmunt, A. (2021). Thermal and Current Flow Effects of a Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer Application Protocol on Chronic Elbow Tendinopathy. A Cadaveric Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031012"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01806-x","article-title":"Short-wave diathermy in the clinical management of musculoskeletal disorders: A pilot observational study","volume":"64","author":"Masiero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"431","article-title":"Effectiveness of continuous versus pulsed short-wave diathermy in the management of knee osteoarthritis: A randomised pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Ozen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Casp. J. Intern Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koller, T. (2020). Mechanosensitive Aspects of Cell Biology in Manual Scar Therapy for Deep Dermal Defects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062055"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1092172","article-title":"Thermal build-up, decay and retention responses to local therapeutic application of 448 kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency: A prospective randomised crossover study in healthy adults","volume":"31","author":"Kumaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priego-Quesada, J.I., De la Fuente, C., Kunzler, M.R., Perez-Soriano, P., Herv\u00e1s-Mar\u00edn, D., and Carpes, F.P. (2020). Relationship between Skin Temperature, Electrical Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue, and Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness for Dynamic Contractions: A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186817"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"509","article-title":"Short term efficacy of capacitive resistive diathermy therapy in patients with low back pain: A prospective randomised controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Notarnicola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"719","article-title":"Effect of capacitive and resistive electric transfer on tissue temperature, muscle flexibility and blood circulation","volume":"30","author":"Yokota","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nov. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.32598\/RJ.21.3.60.5","article-title":"Effect of Capacitive Tecar Therapy on Foot Pain and Tactile Sensation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Niajalili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Rehab."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.07.015","article-title":"Optimal electrical stimulation boosts stem cell therapy in nerve regeneration","volume":"181","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2018.1437311","article-title":"Tissue oxidative metabolism can increase the difference between local temperature and arterial blood temperature by up to 1.3 \u00b0C: Implications for brain, brown adipose tissue, and muscle physiology","volume":"5","author":"Zaretsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Ganzit, G.P., Stefanini, L., and Stesina, G. (2015). TECAR Therapy in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pathologies in Sports, FMSI (Italian Sports Medicine Federation)-CONI Institute of Sports Medicine."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/75.2.145","article-title":"Effect of continuous-wave ultrasound on blood flow in skeletal muscle","volume":"75","author":"Robinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, S., Rouabhia, M., and Zhang, Z. (2021). Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15010165"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2021.13068","article-title":"Response of human cancer cells to simultaneous treatment with sorafenib and radiofrequency current","volume":"22","author":"Trillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.719","article-title":"Effect of capacitive and resistive electric transfer on changes in muscle flexibility and lumbopelvic alignment after fatiguing exercise","volume":"30","author":"Yokota","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12777","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12777","article-title":"Does high muscle temperature accentuate skeletal muscle injury from eccentric exercise?","volume":"4","author":"Castellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23180","article-title":"Hyperthermia at 434 MHz in the treatment of overuse sport tendinopathies: A randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Giombini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.3.04","article-title":"Heating capacity of rebound shortwave diathermy and moist hot packs at superficial depths","volume":"48","author":"Hawkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berteau, J.P. (2022). Knee Pain from Osteoarthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Recent Evidence on Physical Therapy Interventions. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123252"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520929073","article-title":"The effect of high-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: Randomised participant blind controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Naruseviciute","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.27_18-OR-16","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Lateral elbow tendinopathy (L.E.T.): An umbrella review effectiveness of LLLT in the treatment of L.E.T.: Umbrella review","volume":"27","author":"Mamais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laser Ther."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starzec-Proserpio, M., Grigol Bardin, M., Fradette, J., Tu, L.M., B\u00e9rub\u00e8-Lauzi\u00e8re, Y., Par\u00e9, J., Carroll, M.-S., and Morin, M. (2022). High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) as an Emerging Treatment for Vulvodynia and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders: A Systematic Review of Treatment Efficacy. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133701"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunning, J.R., Butts, R., Mourad, F., Young, I., Fernandez-de-Las Pe\u00f1as, C., Hagins, M., Stanislawski, T., Donley, J., Buck, D., and Hooks, T.R. (2016). Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilisation and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headache: A multi-center randomised clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0912-3"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"1160","article-title":"A non-operative approach to the management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a triathlete: A case report","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000261","article-title":"Nonoperative management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4221","article-title":"Short-term combined effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and cervical spine nonthrust manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain: A randomised clinical trial","volume":"43","author":"Masaracchio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2012.702854","article-title":"Immediate and short-term effects of mulligan\u2019s mobilisation with movement on knee pain and disability associated with knee osteoarthritis\u2014A prospective case series","volume":"29","author":"Takasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.42.4.A1","article-title":"Low back pain","volume":"42","author":"Delitto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000200011","article-title":"Combined use of low-level laser therapy and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibition on skin incisional wound reepithelialisation in mice: A preclinical study","volume":"86","author":"Santuzzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Bule, M.L., Medel, E., Colastra, C., Rold\u00e1n, R., and \u00dabeda, A. (2019). Response of neuroblastoma cells to RF currents as a function of the signal frequency. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6090-6"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624755","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.624755","article-title":"Cyclic Strain and Electrical Co-stimulation Improve Neural Differentiation of Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2285-z","article-title":"Striated muscle function, regeneration, and repair","volume":"73","author":"Shadrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010652","article-title":"Mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction and the basis for pharmacologic treatment of smooth muscle disorders","volume":"68","author":"Brozovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23003","article-title":"Composition, architecture, and functional implications of the connective tissue network of the extraocular muscles","volume":"59","author":"McLoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2553-2","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial comparing helium-neon laser therapy and infrared laser therapy in patients with diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"33","author":"Tantawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2665-8","article-title":"Laser photo-biomodulation is more effective than ultrasound therapy in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A comparative study","volume":"34","author":"Tantawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5606\/ArchRheumatol.2020.7347","article-title":"Short-term Efficacy Comparison of High-intensity and Low-intensity Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study","volume":"35","author":"Kaydok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953139","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/953139","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of selected complementary and alternative medicine for neck and low-back pain","volume":"2012","author":"Furlan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1910-2","article-title":"Efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of chronic neck pain: A randomised double-blind placebo-control trial","volume":"31","author":"Alayat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2015-011036","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Glazov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acupunct. Med."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0882-0","article-title":"The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2018-0012","article-title":"The validity of pain intensity measures: What do the N.R.S., VAS, V.R.S., and FPS-R measure?","volume":"18","author":"Thong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0768-8","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain: Factor and mokken analyses","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2020.21","article-title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of low-level laser in controlling low back pain: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Kholoosy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2016.02.015","article-title":"A critical overview of the current myofascial pain literature\u2014March 2016","volume":"20","author":"Dommerholt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2014.09.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of different styles of massage therapy in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Man Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"257","article-title":"Benefits of massage-myofascial release therapy on pain, anxiety, quality of sleep, depression, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511399476","article-title":"Effects of myofascial release techniques on pain, physical function, and postural stability in patients with fibromyalgia: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.12674\/ptk.2020.27.2.133","article-title":"Immediate effects of high-frequency diathermy on muscle architecture and flexibility in subjects with gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Korea"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160033","article-title":"Overview of the muscle cytoskeleton","volume":"18","author":"Henderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"Shamrock, A.G., and Varacallo, M. (2021). Achilles Tendon Rupture, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"Arnedo, F., Andrew, A., Till, L., Sendr\u00f3s, S., and Hell\u00edn, S. (2012). Radiofrecuencia Monopolar Capacitiva\/Resistiva 448 kHz (Indiba Activ Therapy) en el Tratamiento Rehabilitador de Lesiones de la Musculatura Isquitibial Derivada de la Pr\u00e1ctica Deportiva: XIV Congreso Nacional de la Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina del Deporte, Santander."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"733","article-title":"A comparative study of the dose-dependent effects of low level and high intensity photo-biomodulation (laser) therapy on pain and electrophysiological parameters in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Ezzati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2018.4444","article-title":"Long-term effect of pulsed nd: YAG laser in the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Alayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/20\/6149\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:56:56Z","timestamp":1760144216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/20\/6149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11206149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11206149","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]}}}