{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:20:41Z","timestamp":1790108441145,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 10\u201320% of patients who have sustained a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) show persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS). This review aims to summarize the level of evidence concerning interventions for PCS. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review regarding interventions for PCS post-mTBI until August 2021 using the Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) intervention focusing on PCS after mTBI, (2) presence of a control group, and (3) adult patients (\u226518 y.o). Quality assessment was determined using the Incog recommendation level, and the risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We first selected 104 full-text articles. Finally, 55 studies were retained, including 35 that obtained the highest level of evidence. The risk of bias was high in 22 out of 55 studies. Cognitive training, psycho-education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and graded return to physical activity demonstrated some effectiveness on persistent PCS. However, there is limited evidence of the beneficial effect of Methylphenidate. Oculomotor rehabilitation, light therapy, and headache management using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation seem effective regarding somatic complaints and sleep disorders. The preventive effect of early (&lt;3 months) interventions remains up for debate. Despite its limitations, the results of the present review should encourage clinicians to propose a tailored treatment to patients according to the type and severity of PCS and could encourage further research with larger groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T04:40:36Z","timestamp":1666586436000},"page":"6224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["A Systematic Review of Treatments of Post-Concussion Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3223-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Heslot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, GH Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation 104, Boulevard Raymond Poincar\u00e9, 92380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Azouvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, GH Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation 104, Boulevard Raymond Poincar\u00e9, 92380 Garches, France"},{"name":"CESP, Inserm, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, 94807 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Perdrieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, GH Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation 104, Boulevard Raymond Poincar\u00e9, 92380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, GH Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation 104, Boulevard Raymond Poincar\u00e9, 92380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Lef\u00e8vre-Dognin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, GH Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation 104, Boulevard Raymond Poincar\u00e9, 92380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0713-2327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Cogn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"16","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.02.006","article-title":"Estimating the epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury in France from case mix of emergency departments","volume":"64","author":"Manitchoko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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