{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:04:28Z","timestamp":1791907468752,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although a growing body of literature has been emphasizing the role of vitamin D in oral health, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding the correlation between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and vitamin D. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the linkage between hypovitaminosis D and TMDs to map the current literature in this field. On 10 September 2022, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from the date of their inception to identify the studies that had assessed patients with TMDs. The primary outcome assessed in this review was the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and TMDs. Out of the 329 studies identified, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present work. Seven studies assessed the relationship between vitamin D and TMDs, reporting that vitamin D serum levels are lower in patients with TMDs. Our results suggested that vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms might have a role in TMDs\u2019 development. However, the quality assessed underlined that only one study did not present a serious risk of bias. Further good-quality studies are needed to clarify the linkage between vitamin D deficiency and TMDs, but the evidence currently available has suggested potential correlations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T04:40:36Z","timestamp":1666586436000},"page":"6231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Temporomandibular Disorders and Vitamin D Deficiency: What Is the Linkage between These Conditions? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Ferrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont \u201cA. Avogadro\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attivit\u00e0 Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amerigo","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Calafiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Paolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D\u2019Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Ren\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Migliario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonzio","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5141-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont \u201cA. Avogadro\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attivit\u00e0 Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. 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