{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T07:40:04Z","timestamp":1765438804168,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are data indicating the coexistence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in children. The aim of the study was elastographic evaluation of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents with AIT and nodular goiter in relation to cytological and\/or histopathological diagnosis. We examined 215 children (57 boys and 158 girls) with 261 thyroid nodules (143 non-AIT and 118 AIT). All study participants underwent a conventional ultrasound examination with elastography followed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Abnormal Strain Ratio (SR \u2265 5) was observed in 36 non-AIT nodules and 15 AIT nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 5 patients (2% of all investigated nodules). SR of malignant thyroid nodules was statistically higher in comparison to SR of benign nodules both in the group of non-AIT (6 \u00b1 4 vs. 3.67 \u00b1 2.62, p = 0.024) and AIT nodules (6.3 \u00b1 0.01 vs. 2.92 \u00b1 1.89, p = 0.047). Comparison of non-AIT and AIT benign nodules revealed that SR was higher in non-AIT nodules (3.67 \u00b1 2.62 vs. 2.92 \u00b1 1.89, p = 0.01). We observed a strong positive correlation (R = 1) between TSH concentration and SR ratio in the group of all malignant thyroid nodules. Autoimmune inflammatory process of the thyroid gland does not limit the use of elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T20:37:58Z","timestamp":1666903078000},"page":"6339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elastographic Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules in Children and Adolescents with Hashimoto\u2019s Thyroiditis and Nodular Goiter with Reference to Cytological and\/or Histopathological Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Borysewicz-Sa\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Sawicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Bossowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Group, Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Dzi\u0119cio\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Bossowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1310","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of children with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"10","author":"Skarpa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322021151","article-title":"High prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in schoolchildren after elimination of iodine deficiency in northwestern Greece","volume":"13","author":"Zois","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0182","article-title":"Impact of nutritional iodine optimization on rates of thyroid hypoechogenicity and autoimmune thyroiditis: A cross-sectional, comparative study","volume":"25","author":"Miranda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000363162","article-title":"Clinical aspects of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"26","author":"Radetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. 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