{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:06:49Z","timestamp":1786478809692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polytrauma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections may be associated with an increased complication rate. The main goal of this study was to analyze the clinical course of trauma patients with COVID infection and a positive CT finding. Methods: This was a retrospective in-hospital study. Polytrauma patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in our analysis. The outcome parameters were pulmonary complication during admission, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, pneumonia, mortality, length of stay and readmission &lt; 30 days. Results: 48 patients were included in the study. Trauma patients in the age-adjusted matched-pair analysis with typical changes in SARS-CoV-2 infection in CT findings showed significantly more pulmonary complications in general and significantly more cases of pneumonia (complications: 56% vs. 11%, p = 0.046; pneumonia 44% vs. 0%, p = 0.023). In addition, the clinical course of polytrauma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a high rate of pulmonary complications in the inpatient course (53%). Conclusion: The results of our study show that the changes in the CT findings of trauma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are a good indicator of further inpatient outcomes. Similarly, polytrauma patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection and positive CT findings are shown to have increased risk for pulmonary complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"6401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chest CT Findings and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Trauma Patients\u2014Is There a Prediction towards Higher Complication Rates?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1393-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Halvachizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mathieu, E., Ritchie, H., Rod\u00e9s-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Gavrilov, D., Giattino, C., Hasell, J., Macdonald, B., Dattani, S., and Beltekian, D. (2021, November 22). Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Available online: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/coronavirus."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00438-7","article-title":"COVID-19: Breaking down a global health crisis","volume":"20","author":"Mallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.05.061","article-title":"International guidelines and recommendations for surgery during Covid-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review","volume":"79","author":"Moletta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01364-7","article-title":"European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection","volume":"46","author":"Coimbra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"COVIDSurg Collaborative (2020). Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: An international cohort study. Lancet, 396, 27\u201338."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halvachizadeh, S., Baradaran, L., Cinelli, P., Pfeifer, R., Sprengel, K., and Pape, H.-C. (2020). How to detect a polytrauma patient at risk of complications: A validation and database analysis of four published scales. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228082"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"WHO (2021, November 20). The Top 10 Causes of Death. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-015-0139-0","article-title":"Diagnostics and treatment strategies for multiple trauma patients","volume":"87","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000161712.87129.80","article-title":"Timing of fixation of major fractures in blunt polytrauma: Role of conventional indicators in clinical decision making","volume":"19","author":"Pape","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200909000-00001","article-title":"Timing of Fracture Fixation in Multitrauma Patients: The Role of Early Total Care and Damage Control Surgery","volume":"17","author":"Pape","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198801000-00010","article-title":"The Injury Severity Score Revisited","volume":"28","author":"Copes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"603","article-title":"Polytrauma Management-Treatment of Severely Injured Patients in ER and OR","volume":"155","author":"Perl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z Orthop. Unfall."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002714","article-title":"Relationship of body mass index, serum creatine kinase, and acute kidney injury after severe trauma","volume":"89","author":"Vasquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1512747","article-title":"Evolution of the Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990\u20132015","volume":"19","author":"Loftis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000524","article-title":"Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA-Secondary Publication","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1265-x","article-title":"The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: Fourth edition","volume":"20","author":"Rossaint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-013-2476-1","article-title":"Emergency room management of multiple trauma: ATLS\u00ae and S3 guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Bouillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0949-0","article-title":"The updated German \u201cPolytrauma\u2013Guideline\u201d: An extensive literature evaluation and treatment recommendation for the care of the critically injured patient","volume":"44","author":"Bouillon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.09.009","article-title":"Advanced Trauma Life Support\u00ae Update 2019: Management and Applications for Adults and Special Populations","volume":"37","author":"Galvagno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"147","article-title":"Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19: A review","volume":"19","author":"Horcajada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138577","article-title":"COVID-19: Current understanding of its Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation and Treatment","volume":"97","author":"Parasher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0384-y","article-title":"Lessons from a large trauma center: Impact of blunt chest trauma in polytrauma patients-still a relevant problem?","volume":"25","author":"Chrysou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199201000-00002","article-title":"Thromboembolism Following Multiple Trauma","volume":"32","author":"Knudson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Trauma Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210264","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210264","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"94","author":"Tilliridou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066615571895","article-title":"Critical Care for the Patient with Multiple Trauma","volume":"31","author":"Radomski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Intensiv. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000078469.07362.E6","article-title":"Risk factors for venous thromboembolism","volume":"107","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2018-208372","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism following complex trauma: UK MTC observational study","volume":"36","author":"Glover","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26254","article-title":"Microstructure, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutics of COVID-19: A comprehensive review","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0356-8","article-title":"Author Correction: COVID-19: The vasculature unleashed","volume":"20","author":"Teuwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-016-1345-4","article-title":"Erratum to: Guidance for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"41","author":"Streiff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001052","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy for the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-018-0104-8","article-title":"Diagnostic value of signs, symptoms and diagnostic tests for diagnosing pneumonia in ambulant children in developed countries: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Schot","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Prim. Care Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10405-020-00359-w","article-title":"German recommendations for treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19-version 3","volume":"17","author":"Kluge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Der Pneumol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozak, R., Armstrong, S.M., Salvant, E., Ritzker, C., Feld, J., Biondi, M.J., and Tsui, H. (2021). Recognition of Long-COVID-19 Patients in a Canadian Tertiary Hospital Setting: A Retrospective Analysis of Their Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101246"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/21\/6401\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:05:28Z","timestamp":1760144728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/21\/6401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11216401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11216401","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]}}}