{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:10:10Z","timestamp":1787170210447,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite years of clinical progress which made Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) one of the most curable malignancies with conventional chemotherapy, refractoriness and recurrence may still affect up to 20\u201330% of patients. The revolution brought by the advent of immunotherapy in all kinds of neoplastic disorders is more than evident in this disease because anti-CD30 antibodies and checkpoint inhibitors have been able to rescue patients previously remaining without therapeutic options. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation still represents a significant step in the treatment algorithm for chemosensitive HL; however, the possibility to induce complete responses after allogeneic transplant procedures in patients receiving reduced-intensity conditioning regimens informs on its sensitivity to immunological control. Furthermore, the investigational application of adoptive T cell transfer therapies paves the way for future indications in this setting. Here, we seek to provide a fresh and up-to-date overview of the new immunotherapeutic agents dominating the scene of relapsed\/refractory HL. In this optic, we will also review all the potential molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance, theoretically responsible for treatment failures, and we will discuss the place of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the era of novel therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T08:52:56Z","timestamp":1667897576000},"page":"6574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Filling the Gap: The Immune Therapeutic Armamentarium for Relapsed\/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Hazane Leroyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Moulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2408-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Campidelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 7365 IMoPa, Biopole de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Feugier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"},{"name":"INSERM U1256 Nutrition-G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Pagliuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 7365 IMoPa, Biopole de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0189-6","article-title":"Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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