{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:26:40Z","timestamp":1762075600995,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To assess the similarities and differences in retinal microvascular function between mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients, early-stage primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and healthy controls. Methods: Retinal vessel reactivity to flickering light was assessed in 10 AD, 19 POAG and 20 healthy age matched control patients by means of dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA, IMEDOS, GmbH, Jena, Germany) according to an established protocol. All patients additionally underwent BP measurements and blood analysis for glucose and lipid metabolism markers. Results: AD and POAG patients demonstrated comparable alterations in retinal artery reactivity, in the form of an increased arterial reaction time (RT) to flicker light on the final flicker cycle (p = 0.009), which was not replicated by healthy controls (p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the sequential changes in RT on progressing from flicker one to flicker three were found to differ between healthy controls and the two disease groups (p = 0.001). Conclusion: AD and POAG patients demonstrate comparable signs of vascular dysfunction in their retinal arteries at the early stages of their disease process. This provides support for the concept of a common underlying vascular aetiology in these two neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1668399850000},"page":"6702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction Occurs Early and Similarly in Mild Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Primary-Open Angle Glaucoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Mroczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Laboratory, Ophthalmic Research Group, College Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"},{"name":"Eye and Vision Research Group, School of Health Professions, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0973-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hala","family":"Shokr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Laboratory, Ophthalmic Research Group, College Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"},{"name":"Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Benavente-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Laboratory, Ophthalmic Research Group, College Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Negi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Innovation Development and Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 1NT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bentham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Innovation Development and Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 1NT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina","family":"Gherghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Laboratory, Ophthalmic Research Group, College Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29557-6","article-title":"Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"8","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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