{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:28:00Z","timestamp":1779359280258,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgery remains an important treatment modality in the multidisciplinary management of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD). To illustrate the recent advances in the management of postoperative CD we outline the contemporary approach to treatment: diagnosing disease recurrence using endoscopy or noninvasive methods and risk stratification underlying decisions to institute treatment. Endoscopic scoring indices are being refined to guide treatment decisions by accurately estimating the risk of recurrence based on endoscopic appearance. The original Rutgeerts score has been modified to separate anastomotic lesions from lesions in the neoterminal ileum. Two further indices, the REMIND score and the POCER index, were recently developed with the same intention. Noninvasive monitoring for recurrence using a method with high negative predictive value has the potential to simplify management algorithms and only perform ileocolonoscopy in a subset of patients. Fecal calprotectin, intestinal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance enterography are all being evaluated for this purpose. The use of infliximab for the prevention of postoperative recurrence is well supported by data, but management decisions are fraught with uncertainty for patients with previous exposure to biologics. Data on the use of ustekinumab and vedolizumab for postoperative CD are emerging, but controlled studies are lacking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:36:36Z","timestamp":1668566196000},"page":"6746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Contemporary Management of Postoperative Crohn\u2019s Disease after Ileocolonic Resection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3158-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jurij","family":"Hanzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Drobne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.039","article-title":"Contemporary Risk of Surgery in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Cohorts","volume":"19","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.394","article-title":"Surgical Rates for Crohn\u2019s Disease are Decreasing: A Population-Based Time Trend Analysis and Validation Study","volume":"112","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.07.041","article-title":"Risk of surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases has decreased over time: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"145","author":"Frolkis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.297","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of second intestinal resection in Crohn\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"109","author":"Frolkis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw169","article-title":"3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease 2016: Part 2: Surgical Management and Special Situations","volume":"11","author":"Gionchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.038","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on the Management of Crohn\u2019s Disease After Surgical Resection","volume":"152","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults","volume":"68","author":"Lamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61908-5","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease management after intestinal resection: A randomised trial","volume":"385","author":"Kamm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90613-6","article-title":"Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy216","article-title":"Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Medical Therapies to Prevent Recurrence of Post-Operative Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Burr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.072","article-title":"Infliximab Reduces Endoscopic, but Not Clinical, Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease After Ileocolonic Resection","volume":"150","author":"Regueiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.046","article-title":"Reliability of Endoscopic Evaluation of Postoperative Recurrent Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20359","article-title":"Impact of azathioprine on the prevention of postoperative Crohn\u2019s disease recurrence: Results of a prospective, observational, long-term follow-up study","volume":"14","author":"Domenech","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2020.1780305","article-title":"Ileocolic anastomotic inflammation after resection for Crohn\u2019s disease indicates disease recurrence: A histopathologic study","volume":"55","author":"Hirten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.01.029","article-title":"Differential risk of disease progression between isolated anastomotic ulcers and mild ileal recurrence after ileocolonic resection in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"90","author":"Ollech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.09.047","article-title":"No Change in Determining Crohn\u2019s Disease Recurrence or Need for Endoscopic or Surgical Intervention With Modification of the Rutgeerts\u2019 Scoring System","volume":"17","author":"Riviere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000638","article-title":"Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence on the Neoterminal Ileum But Not on the Anastomosis Is Mainly Driving Long-Term Outcomes in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"115","author":"Hammoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz224","article-title":"Anastomotic Ulcers After Ileocolic Resection for Crohn\u2019s Disease Are Common and Predict Recurrence","volume":"26","author":"Hirten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16804","article-title":"Mild neoterminal ileal post-operative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease conveys higher risk for severe endoscopic disease progression than isolated anastomotic lesions","volume":"55","author":"Bachour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riviere, P., Pekow, J., Hammoudi, N., Wils, P., De Cruz, P., Wang, C.P., Manosa, M., Ollech, J., Allez, M., and Nachury, M. (2022). Comparison of the risk of Crohn\u2019s disease postoperative recurrence between modified Rutgeerts score i2a and i2b categories: An individual patient data meta-analysis. J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis, jjac137.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac137"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000918","article-title":"A Novel Endoscopic Score for Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease: More Information Needed","volume":"116","author":"Hanzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"680","article-title":"Endoscopic Prediction of Crohn\u2019s Disease Postoperative Recurrence","volume":"28","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308973","article-title":"Reliability among central readers in the evaluation of endoscopic findings from patients with Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Khanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001140","article-title":"Comparative Acceptability and Perceived Clinical Utility of Monitoring Tools: A Nationwide Survey of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"23","author":"Buisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12069","article-title":"International consensus on methodological issues in standardization of fecal calprotectin measurement in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"9","author":"Rubin","year":"2021","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70476-7","article-title":"Early lesions of recurrent Crohn\u2019s disease caused by infusion of intestinal contents in excluded ileum","volume":"114","author":"Geboes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000262","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin for evaluating postoperative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"21","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628481878557","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284818785571","article-title":"Fecal calprotectin for detection of postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Tham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.30","article-title":"Levels of Fecal Calprotectin Are Associated With the Severity of Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence in Asymptomatic Patients With Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"110","author":"Boschetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000850","article-title":"Correlation Between Calprotectin and Modified Rutgeerts Score","volume":"22","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.03.020","article-title":"Variation of faecal calprotectin level within the first three months after bowel resection is predictive of endoscopic postoperative recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Boube","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16646562","article-title":"Serial monitoring of faecal calprotectin for the assessment of endoscopic recurrence in asymptomatic patients after ileocolonic resection for Crohn\u2019s disease: A long-term prospective study","volume":"9","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.10.034","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Test to Monitor Endoscopic Activity in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease Based on Serum Levels of Proteins","volume":"158","author":"Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton, A.L., De Cruz, P., Wright, E.K., Dervieux, T., Jain, A., and Kamm, M.A. (2022). Non-Invasive Serological Monitoring for Crohn\u2019s Disease Post-Operative Recurrence. J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis, jjac076.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac076"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.026","article-title":"Measurement of fecal calprotectin improves monitoring and detection of recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease after surgery","volume":"148","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz053","article-title":"A Nomogram Combining Fecal Calprotectin Levels and Plasma Cytokine Profiles for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Crohn\u2019s Disease Recurrence","volume":"25","author":"Cerrillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.3.523","article-title":"Sonographic detection of postsurgical recurrence of Crohn disease","volume":"146","author":"DiCandio","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy012","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in the Detection of Postsurgical Recurrence in Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Rispo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy114","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD Part 2: IBD scores and general principles and technical aspects","volume":"13","author":"Sturm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.03.017","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: Usefulness in the assessment of postoperative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Paredes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5432-6","article-title":"Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Assessing and Grading Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"64","author":"Paredes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091165","article-title":"Suspected anastomotic recurrence of Crohn disease after ileocolic resection: Evaluation with CT enteroclysis","volume":"254","author":"Soyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.04.033","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease recurrence in patients with ileocolic anastomosis: Value of computed tomography enterography with water enema","volume":"82","author":"Paparo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318280758c","article-title":"CT enterography in evaluating postoperative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease after ileocolic resection: Complementary role to endoscopy","volume":"19","author":"Mao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2017.18.6.906","article-title":"CT Enterography for Surveillance of Anastomotic Recurrence within 12 Months of Bowel Resection in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease: An Observational Study Using an 8-Year Registry","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.033","article-title":"Test Characteristics of Cross-sectional Imaging and Concordance with Endoscopy in Postoperative Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"20","author":"Bachour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.035","article-title":"A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Index to Predict Crohn\u2019s Disease Postoperative Recurrence: The MONITOR Index","volume":"20","author":"Schaefer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa362","article-title":"Novel Genetic Variant Predicts Surgical Recurrence Risk in Crohn\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy228","article-title":"Predicting Risk of Postoperative Disease Recurrence in Crohn\u2019s Disease: Patients With Indolent Crohn\u2019s Disease Have Distinct Whole Transcriptome Profiles at the Time of First Surgery","volume":"25","author":"Cushing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx070","article-title":"A Distinctive Urinary Metabolomic Fingerprint Is Linked With Endoscopic Postoperative Disease Recurrence in Crohn\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"24","author":"Keshteli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa081","article-title":"Early Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence in Crohn\u2019s Disease Is Characterised by Distinct Microbiota Recolonisation","volume":"14","author":"Machiels","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab044","article-title":"Natural History and Risk Stratification of Recurrent Crohn\u2019s Disease After Ileocolonic Resection: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"28","author":"Joustra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joustra, V., van Sabben, J., van der Does de Willebois, E.M.L., Duijvenstein, M., de Boer, N.K., Jansen, J., van der Bilt, J.D., Lameris, W., Bemelman, W., and Buskens, C. (2022). Benefit of risk-stratified prophylactic treatment on clinical outcome in post-operative Crohn\u2019s disease. J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac139"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arkenbosch, J.H.C., Beelen, E.M.J., Dijkstra, G., Romberg-Camps, M., Duijvestein, M., Hoentjen, F., van der Marel, S., Maljaars, P.W.J., Jansen, S., and de Boer, N.K.H. (2022). Prophylactic medication for the prevention of endoscopic recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease: A prospective study based on clinical risk stratification. J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis, jjac128.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab232.411"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab259","article-title":"Recommendations for Standardizing Clinical Trial Design and Endoscopic Assessment in Postoperative Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"28","author":"Hanzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30078-4","article-title":"Mercaptopurine versus placebo to prevent recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease after surgical resection (TOPPIC): A multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Mowat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beelen, E.M.J., Nieboer, D., Arkenbosch, J.H.C., Regueiro, M.D., Satsangi, J., Ardizzone, S., Lopez-Sanroman, A., Savarino, E., Armuzzi, A., and Janneke van der Woude, C. (2021). Risk Prediction and Comparative Efficacy of Anti-TNF vs Thiopurines, for Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn\u2019s Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 6 Trials. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.021"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.025","article-title":"Rate of Reoperation Decreased Significantly after Year 2002 in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Shinagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Cosquer, G.L., Altwegg, R., Riviere, P., Bournet, B., Boivineau, L., Poullenot, F., Bozon, A., Buscail, L., Laharie, D., and Gilletta, C. (2022). Prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease among patients with prior anti-TNFalpha failure: A retrospective multicenter study. Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx054","article-title":"The Use of Vedolizumab in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"24","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12068","article-title":"Ustekinumab is more effective than azathioprine to prevent endoscopic postoperative recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Buisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Axelrad, J.E., Li, T., Bachour, S.P., Nakamura, T.I., Shah, R., Sachs, M.C., Chang, S., Hudesman, D.P., Holubar, S.D., and Lightner, A.L. (2022). Early Initiation of Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Reduces Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn\u2019s Disease Following Ileocecal Resection. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., izac158.","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac158"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanai, H., Kagramanova, A., Knyazev, O., Sabino, J., Haenen, S., Mantzaris, G.J., Mountaki, K., Armuzzi, A., Pugliese, D., and Furfaro, F. (2022). Endoscopic Postoperative Recurrence In Crohn\u2019s Disease After Curative Ileocecal Resection With Early Prophylaxis By Anti-Tnf, Vedolizumab Or Ustekinumab: A Real-World Multicenter European Study. J. Crohn\u2019s Colitis.","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab232.511"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/22\/6746\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:18:19Z","timestamp":1760145499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/22\/6746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11226746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11226746","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]}}}